1. Hazardous Materials Awareness
Welcome to
Hazardous Materials Awareness

2. ATTAINMENT STANDARD
Without reference, determine the general principles of a First Responder at the Awareness Level with at least 80% accuracy.

3. INTRODUCTION
First Responders at the Awareness Level shall be trained to meet all competencies of NFPA 472 Chapter 2 (1997 Edition).
CerTest LO 001

4. INTRODUCTION
Shall receive additional training to meet applicable requirements of the:
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
CerTest LO 001

5. DEFINITION
Persons who, in the normal course of their duties, could be the first on scene of an emergency involving hazardous materials.
Expected to recognize the presence of hazardous materials, protect themselves, call for trained personnel, and secure the area.
CerTest LO 001

6. GOAL
The goal of the first responder working toward the awareness level shall be to obtain competency in the knowledge and skills necessary to perform the following tasks safely:
CerTest LO 001

7. GOAL ANALYZE THE INCIDENT
Determine the hazardous materials present and basic response information by completing the following tasks:
1 Detect the presence of HazMat’s
2 Survey from a safe distance
3 Collect information from the North American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG)
CerTest LO 001

8. GOAL IMPLEMENT ACTIONS
Consistent with the Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP), the organization’s Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and the current edition of the NAERG by completing the following tasks:
1 Initiate protective actions.
2 Initiate the notification process.
CerTest LO 001

9. ANALYZING THE INCIDENT
Given various facility and/or transportation situations or both, with and without hazardous materials present, identify principles of analyzing a hazardous materials response at the awareness level with at least 80% accuracy.

10. DEFINITIONS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS & DANGEROUS GOODS
Identify the definitions of hazardous materials (Dangerous Goods in Canada).
CerTest LO 002

11. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (DOT)
Definition: The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), a hazardous material is one that falls within 11 hazard classes some of those which have subcategories known as divisions.
CerTest LO 002

12. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (DOT)
Additionally, DOT states that “Hazardous materials pose an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of operating or emergency personnel, the public, and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or transportation.”
CerTest LO 002

13. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (EPA)
Definition: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) term for chemicals that, if released into the environment above a certain amount, must be reported, and, depending on the threat to the environment, federal involvement in handling the incident can be authorized.
CerTest LO 002

14. EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (EPA)
Definition: EPA term for chemicals that must be reported to the appropriate authorities if released above the threshold reporting quantity.
CerTest LO 002

15. TOXIC CHEMICALS (EPA)
Definition: EPA term for chemicals whose total emissions or release must be reported annually by owners and operators of certain facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed toxic chemical.
CerTest LO 002

16. HAZARDOUS WASTES (EPA)
Definition: EPA term for chemicals that are regulated under the Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act.
CerTest LO 002

17. HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS (OSHA)
Definition: Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) term that denotes any chemical that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the work place.
CerTest LO 002

18. HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
Definition: OSHA term that denotes any chemical that would posses toxic, reactive, flammable or explosive properties.
CerTest LO 002

19. DANGEROUS GOODS (Canada)
Definition: All hazardous materials are called dangerous goods in Canadian Transportation.
CerTest LO 002

20. DOT HAZARD CLASSES & DIVISIONS
Identify DOT Hazard classes and divisions of hazardous materials and identify common examples of materials in each hazard class or division.
CerTest LO 003

21. Primary Hazards of DOT Classes & Divisions
Identify the primary hazards associated with each of the DOT hazard classes and divisions of hazardous materials by hazard class or division.
CerTest LO 003

22. Placards & Labels
Identify U.S. and Canadian placards and labels that indicate hazardous materials.
CerTest LO 003

23. Classes & Divisions
The DOT has classified hazardous materials according to their primary danger and assigned standardized symbols to identify the classes.
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24. CLASSES & DIVISIONS
Materials are grouped by their major hazardous characteristic and many materials will have other hazards as well.
Example: A material may be poisonous, corrosive, and flammable but will only be grouped with whichever is considered the worst.
CerTest LO 003

25. Major Hazard: Explosion
Class 1 (Explosives)
Major Hazard: Explosion
Any substance or article, including a device, that is designed to function by explosion (i.e an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) or that, by chemical reaction with itself, is able to function by explosion.
CerTest LO 003
NFPA Objective 21

26. Divisions DOT has divided Class 1 hazards fall into 6 divisions.
CerTest LO 003
NFPA Objective 22

27. Class 1.1 Mass explosion that affects almost the entire load
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28. Class 1.2 Projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard
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29. Class 1.3
Fire hazard and either a minor blast or minor projection hazard
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30. Class 1.4
Presents a minor explosion hazard
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31. Class 1.5 Very insensitive explosives with mass explosion hazard
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32. Class 1.6
Extremely insensitive explosives
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33. Class 2 - Compressed Gases
Major Hazard: BLEVE
Sub Hazards
Flammable
Oxidizer
Poisonous
Nonflammable
Divided into 3 divisions
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NFPA Objective 29

34. Class 2.1 Flammable Gases
A material that is a gas at 68º F or less at 14.7 psi or has a boiling point of 68º degrees or less at 14.7 psi.
Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of 13% or less by volume with air
Has a flammable range of at least 12% regardless of the lower limit.
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35. Class 2.2 Nonflammable, Nonpoisonous Gases
Any material or mixture that exerts an absolute pressure of 41 psia at 68º F.
Compressed gases, including liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, and compressed gas in solution.
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36. Class 2.3 Poisonous Gas
Vaporize easily and very dangerous to life, even in small amounts.
Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation.
Presumed to be toxic because of laboratory testing.
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37. Hazard Zones Associated with Division 2.3
Utilizes LC-50 (Lethal Concentration 50%)
Concentration of a material, expressed as parts per million which kills half of the lab animals in a given length of time.
Significant in determining the toxicity of a material; the lower the value, the more toxic the substance.
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38. 2.4 Corrosive Gas (Canada)
Gases which have a corrosive hazard
(Canadian transportation only)
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39. Class 3 Flammable Liquids
Major Hazard: Burns readily
Flammable and Combustible liquids
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40. Flammable Liquids
Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of not more than 141 degrees F.
Three divisions
3.1 - FP < 0 degrees F
3.2 - FP 0 to < 73 degrees F
3.3 - FP 73 to < 141 degrees F
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41. Combustible Liquid
Any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flash point above 141 degrees F and below 200 degrees F.
NOTE: A flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 100 degrees that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class except 9, may be reclassified as combustible.
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42. Class 4 (Flammable Solids)
Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a liberation of mass quantities of smoke (toxic).
Divided into 3 divisions
4.1 Flamable Solids
4.2 Spontaneously Combustible
4.3 Dangerous When Wet
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43. 4.1 Flammable Solids Three types Wetted explosives
Self-reactive materials
Readily combustible solids
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44. Wetted Explosives
Explosives wetted with sufficient water, alcohol, or a plasticizer to suppress explosive properties.
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45. Self-Reactive Materials
Materials that are liable to undergo, at normal or elevated temperatures, a strongly exothermic decomposition.
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46. Readily Combustible Solids
Solids that may cause a fire through friction and metal powders that can be ignited.
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47. 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials
Pyrophoric Materials
A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition source, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air.
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48. 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials
Self-heating material
A material that, when in contact with air and without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.
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49. 4.3 Dangerous When Wet Materials
Material that, by contact with water is liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate of greater than 1 l/kg of the material, per hour.
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50. Class 5 (Oxidizers) Major Hazard 5.1: Major Hazard 5.2: 2 Divisions
Supports combustion and intensifies fire.
Major Hazard 5.2:
Unstable/reactive explosives
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51. 5.1 Oxidizers
Materials that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.
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52. 5.2 Organic Peroxides
Any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent O-O structure that may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.
Organic peroxides have been further broken down into types a-g (worst to least hazardous).
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53. Class 6 Poisons 2 Divisions
NOTE: Poisonous gases are Class 2 Division 3
6.1 Poisonous Material
Major Hazard: Toxicity
6.2 Infectious Substances
Major Hazard: Infectious
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54. 6.1 Poisonous Materials
A material, other than a gas, that is either known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans, including irritating materials that cause irritation.
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55. 6.2 Infectious Substances
A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes disease in humans or animals.
Infectious substance and etiologic agents are the same.
No Placards (labels only)
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56. Major Hazard: Radioactive poisonous burns
Class 7 Radioactive
Major Hazard: Radioactive poisonous burns
Definition: Materials having a specific activity greater than microcurie per gram.
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57. Major Hazard: burns/emulsification skin damage.
Class 8 Corrosives
Major Hazard: burns/emulsification skin damage.
Definition - A liquid or solid that causes visible or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue at the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.
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58. Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
A material that presents a hazard during transport, but that is not included in another hazard class
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59. Class 9 Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (Canada)
Division Environmentally Hazardous Substances (Canada)
Division Dangerous Wastes (Canada)
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60. Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)
A material that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its
Form
Quantity
Packaging
No Placards (labels only)
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61. Forbidden Materials
Materials prohibited from being offered or accepted for transportation. Does not apply if the materials are diluted, stabilized, or incorporated in devices. There is no placard for these items since they aren't transported.
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62. Marine Pollutant
Is a material that has an adverse effect on aquatic life.
CerTest LO 003 67

63. Elevated Temperature Material
Is a material that, when offered for transportation in a bulk packaging, meets one of the following conditions:
Liquid at or above 100ºC (212ºF)
Liquid with a flash point at or above 37.8ºC (100ºF) that is intentionally heated and is transported at or above its flash point.
Solid at a temperature at or above 240ºC (464ºF)
CerTest LO 003 67

64. HazMat Vs. Other Emergencies
Identify differences between hazardous materials incidents and other emergencies.
Potential for large scale harm
Specialized training required
CerTest LO 004 67

65. Locations of Hazardous Materials
Identify typical occupancies and locations in the community where hazardous materials are manufactured, transported, stored, used, or disposed of.
Warehouses Laboratories
Tank Farms Truck Terminals
Weapons Depots Flight Line
Hospitals Maintenance Facilities
CerTest LO 005 67

66. Locations of Hazardous Materials
Personnel developing the pre-incident plans should seek assistance from the facility manager in identifying hazardous materials locations and recording them on the plan in a way that will be useful to the first-arriving companies.
CerTest LO 005 67

67. Locations of Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials that are manufactured, stored, processed, or used at a particular site are NOT subject to regulations affecting transported materials.
CerTest LO 005 67

68. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage Area
Front of Pool Supply Store
Upper Left - Picture of a Liquefied Compressed gas storage area.
Lower Right - Front of a pool supply store
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage Area
NFPA Objective 71

69. Container Shapes
Identify typical container shapes that may indicate hazardous materials.
Radioactive
 Protective overpacks
 Casks
CerTest LO 006 67

72. Container Shapes Pressurized products Cylinders • Rounded ends
• Cryogenic cylinders (insulated)
CerTest LO 006 67

75. Container Shapes Pressurized products (continued)
MC-331 pressure cargo tank trailer
Pressure tank car
Tube modules
Tube trailers
High pressure tube cars
CerTest LO 006 67

76. MC 331

78. Pressure Rail Car

79. 4

80. 4

82. Container Shapes Cryogenics (a tank-within-a-tank) MC-338
Cryogenic tank car
CerTest LO 006 67

83. MC 338

84. Cryogenic Rail Car

87. Container Shapes
Corrosives
Carboys
MC-312
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89. MC 312

91. Container Shapes Flammable Liquids Dry Bulk - Drums - Jerricans
- MC-306
- Non-pressure tank car
Dry Bulk
CerTest LO 006 67

94. MC 306

96. Non Pressure Rail Car

97. 1

98. 1

99. Hopper

102. Facility & Transportation Markings
Identify facility and transportation markings and colors that indicate hazardous materials.
Placards - Pipeline markings
NFPA Container markings
Military markings
Special hazard communication markings
CerTest LO 007 67

103. Markings & Colors
Transportation markings and colors that indicate hazardous materials.
Placards
United Nations Class Number
Four digit identification number
Symbols and colors
Name of material
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104. UN/NA ID Numbers 1026 UN Class numbers (bottom of placard)
Hazard class or ID number on placard or orange panel
Symbols and colors
Name of material
POISON
GAS 2
1026
CerTest LO 007
NFPA Objective 96

105. Markings & Colors
NFPA 704
Suggested method for identifying hazardous materials
Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)
Used only for facilities when mandated by local ordinances
CerTest LO 007
107

106. Markings & Colors Military hazardous materials markings
Class 1, Division 1
Class 1, Division 2
Class 1, Division 3
Class 1, Division 4
CerTest LO 007 67

107. Class 1, Division 1 Materials that present a mass denotation hazard
CerTest LO 007 98

108. Class 1, Division 2 Presents an explosion with fragmentation hazard
CerTest LO 007 99

109. Class 1, Division 3 Materials with a mass fire hazard CerTest LO 007
100

110. Class 1, Division 4 Materials that present a moderate fire hazard
CerTest LO 007
101

111. Special Warnings Chemical hazards Highly Toxic Harassing Agents
White Phosphorus
Munitions
CerTest LO 007
102

112. Special Warnings Apply No Water Wear Protective Breathing Apparatus
CerTest LO 007
103

113. Markings & Colors Special hazard communication markings
Pipeline markers
Metal sign placed adjacent to a hazardous materials pipeline right of way.
Contains information about
product and signal word
ownership of the line
emergency telephone number
CerTest LO 007
NFPA Objective
103

115. Markings & Colors Container Markings
Markings on a container will provide some indication as to the type of product it holds
CerTest LO 007

116. NFPA 704 Marking System
Given an NFPA 704 marking, describe the significance of the colors, numbers, and special symbols.
CerTest LO 008 67

117. NFPA 704 Marking Suggested method for identifying hazardous materials
Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)
Used only for facilities when mandated by local ordinances
CerTest LO 008
107

118. NFPA 704 Colors & Their Meanings
1. Blue = Health
2. Red = Flammability
3. Yellow = Reactivity
4. White = Special
CerTest LO 008
108

119. SPECIAL INFORMATION W Avoid Use of Water Oxidizer (OX) (OXY)
Used by some to indicate Alkaline materials
Used by some to indicate Acidic materials W
CerTest LO 008
112

120. Material Safety Data Sheets
Identify where to find Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
Why they are necessary
OSHA has required all establishments to keep on file an MSDS for each chemical stored or used on site
CerTest LO 009 67

121. Material Safety Data Sheets
Identify basic information on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) that indicates hazardous materials.
CerTest LO 010 67

122. MSDS Sample Information
117

123. Shipping Papers
NFPA Objective
118

124. Shipping Papers
Identify entries on shipping papers that indicate the presence of hazardous materials.
- Proper shipping name
- Hazard class and division
- Product identification number
- STCC number
- CAS number (chemical’s social security number)
CerTest LO 010 67

125. NFPA Objective
120

126. Shipping Papers
Match the name of the shipping papers found in transportation (air, highway, rail, and water) with the mode of transportation.
CerTest LO 011 67

127. Shipping Papers
Identify the person responsible for having the shipping papers in each mode of transportation.
CerTest LO 011 67

128. Shipping Papers
Identify where the shipping papers are found in each mode of transportation.
CerTest LO 012 67

129. Shipping Papers Normal location
Identify where the papers can be found in an emergency in each mode of transportation.
Normal location
Highway
Rail
Water
Air
CerTest LO 012 67

130. Location of Shipping Papers & Responsible Person
Highway - cab of vehicle - Driver
Rail - Engine or caboose - with conductor or engineer
Water - Wheelhouse or pipe-like container on a barge - Captain or master
Air - Cockpit/flight-deck or attached to package - pilot
CerTest LO 011 & 012
NFPA Objective
NFPA Objective
122

131. Clues Used to Identify Hazardous Materials
Identify examples of clues (other than occupancy/location, container shape, markings/colors, placards/labels, MSDS, and shipping papers) that use the senses of sight, sound, and odor to indicate hazardous materials.
CerTest LO 013 67

132. Limitations of Using Your Senses!
Describe limitations of using the senses in determining the presence or absence of hazardous materials.
CerTest LO 014 67

133. 125

134. Targets of Criminal/Terrorist Activity Using Hazardous Materials
Identify types of locations that could become targets for criminal or terrorist activity using hazardous materials.
CerTest LO 015 67

135. Criminal/Terrorist Activity Indicators
Identify at least 4 indicators of possible criminal or terrorist activity involving hazardous materials.
CerTest LO 016 67

136. Difficulties Determining Names of Hazardous Materials
Identify difficulties encountered in determining the specific names of hazardous materials in both facilities and transportation.
Facilities
Transportation
CerTest LO 017 67

137. Sources for Obtaining Names of Hazardous Materials
Identify sources for obtaining the names of, UN\NA identification numbers for, or types of placard associated with hazardous materials in transportation.
CerTest LO 018 67

138. Obtaining Names of Products in Facilities
Identify sources for obtaining names of hazardous materials in a facility.
CerTest LO 019 67

139. Protecting Yourself & Others
Identify the basic precautions to be taken to protect themselves and others in a hazardous materials incident.
CerTest LO 024 67

140. Victim Medical Care
Identify the precautions necessary when providing emergency medical care to victims of hazardous material incidents.
CerTest LO 025 67

141. Ignition Sources at HazMat Incidents
Identify the typical ignition sources found at the scenes of hazardous materials incidents.
CerTest LO 026 67

142. Harmful Effects of Hazardous Materials
Identify ways hazardous materials are harmful to people, the environment, and property at hazardous materials incidents.
CerTest LO 027 67

143. Routes of Entry
Identify general routes of entry for human exposure to hazardous materials.
Contact
Absorption
Inhalation
Ingestion
CerTest LO 028 67

144. Collecting Information & Initiating Response Actions
Given the name, UN/NA identification number or type placard, a current copy of the North American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG) a local emergency response plan and standard operating procedures, and a facility or transportation scenario including hazardous materials, collect hazard information, initiate protective actions, and initiate the notification process within 60 minutes. 67

145. 140

146. Determine the Appropriate Guidebook Pages
Four digit ID# (yellow pages)
Spelling of the product (blue pages)
Placards (table of placards)
Dealing with an unknown
143

147. Information Available
142

148. NAERG General Hazards
Identify the two general types of hazards found on each guide page.
Fire and Explosion Hazard
Health Hazard
“P” presents a polymerization hazard 67

149. NAERG Response Information
Given the identity of various hazardous materials (name, UN/NA identification number, or type placard), identify the following response information:
Emergency actions from guide pages
Protective Clothing
Initial isolation & protective action distances 67

150. NAERG Personnel Protective Clothing
Given the name of a hazardous material, identify the recommended personal protective clothing from the following list:
Street clothing and work uniforms
Structural fire fighter’s protective clothing
Positive pressure SCBA
Chemical protective clothing and equipment. 67

151. Protective Actions
Identify the definitions for each of the following protective actions:
Isolate hazard area and deny entry
Evacuate
Sheltering in-place protection 67

152. NAERG Protective Zone Shapes
Identify the shapes of recommended initial isolation and protective action zones.
Initial isolation zone is circular.
The protective action zone is a square shape. 67

153. PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
Initial Isolation Zone and Protective Action Zone
PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
1/2
DOWNWIND
DISTANCE
INITIAL
ISOLATION
ZONE
Downwind Distance
1/2
DOWNWIND
DISTANCE
INITIAL
ISOLATION
DISTANCE
148

154. Small Versus Large Spills
Describe the difference between small and large spills as found in the table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
Small spill
Large spill 67

155. Small Spill
Large Spill
NFPA Objective
150

156. Initial & Protective Action Distances
Identify the circumstances under which the following distances are used at a hazardous materials incident:
Table of initial isolation and protective action distances
Isolation distance in the numbered guides 67

157. Green Versus Orange Bordered Pages
Describe the difference between the isolation distances in the orange-bordered guide pages and the protective action distances in the green-boarded pages.
Green-bordered
Orange-boarded 67

158. Where is Your LERP & SOP’s?
Location of both the Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP) and the organization’s Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). 67

159. Role of the Awareness Level Emergency Responder
Guidelines are found in:
The local emergency response plan.
The organization’s standard operating procedures.
North American Emergency Response Guidebook
153

160. Techniques Used to Isolate & Deny Entry
Identify the techniques used to isolate the hazard area and deny entry to unauthorized persons at hazardous materials incidents. 67

161. Criminal/Terrorist Specific Actions
Identify the specific actions necessary when an incident is suspected to involve criminal or terrorist activity. 67

162. Initial Notification Procedures
Given either a facility or transportation scenario involving hazardous materials, regardless of the presence of criminal or terrorist activities, the first responder at the awareness level shall identify the appropriate initial notifications to be made and how to make them, consistent with the local emergency response plan or the organization's standard operating procedures. 67

163. Initial Notification Procedures
To make the appropriate notifications the awareness level responder must:
Be familiar with the notification process
Rapidly set the proper notification process in motion 67

164. Final Exam
Administer the Awareness computer-based final exam on CerTest and the required performance test evaluations. 67