1. and Sense-Making Approaches
Chapter 7
Implementing Change: Organization Development, Appreciative Inquiry, Positive Organizational Scholarship
and Sense-Making Approaches
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Images of Managing Change
Organization Development
Appreciative Inquiry
Positive Organizational Scholarship
Sense-Making Approach
Image
Rationale
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Coach
Organization Development
Appreciative Inquiry
Positive Organizational Scholarship
These theories and approaches focus on identifying and building on what is working best in the organisation.
Interpreter
Sense-Making
This approach as it alerts managers to the different influence that interpretations of change can have.
Chapter 8
Director
Change Management
Contingency Theories
They focus on strategic and planned organizational change. Intentional change outcomes can be achieved through a series of planned steps. There is certainty that it can be achieved.
Navigator
Processual Approach
The outcomes are the result of a complex interplay of different interests, both internal and external to the organization.
Note: The caretaker and nurturer images are not well addressed in the literature because as the assumption is that change managers receive rather than initiate change
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3. Organization Development
Images of Managing Change
Organization Development
Appreciative Inquiry
Positive Organizational Scholarship
Sense-Making Approach
It has been the fundamental basis of the field for a number of years
Change is planned, incremental and participative
Outcomes are focused on the improved effectiveness of the organization
Long-term focus to achieve its action-orientated goals
Focus on changing the attitudes and behaviors of employees
Top-down focus
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4. Participation by large-scale intervention
Appreciative Inquiry
Images of Managing Change
Organization Development
Appreciative Inquiry
Positive Organizational Scholarship
Sense-Making Approach
Participation by large-scale intervention
Shows a shift from problem solving to joint envisioning of the future
Involves a four-step technique:
Discovering current best practices
Building on existing knowledge
Designing changes
Sustaining the organization’s future
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5. Positive Organizational Scholarship
Images of Managing Change
Organization Development
Appreciative Inquiry
Positive Organizational Scholarship
Sense-Making Approach
Emerged in the early 2000s
It encompasses approaches such as Appreciative Inquiry and others including positive psychology and community psychology.
Centres on the positive aspects of organizational life.
It can be considered a coaching method to assist organizations.
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6. Sense-Making Approach
Images of Managing Change
Organization Development
Appreciative Inquiry
Positive Organizational Scholarship
Sense-Making Approach
Made famous by Karl Weick
It challenges three key assumptions of change:
Inertia: assumes that organizations reach a point in which there is a gap between environmental change and organizational adaptation
The need for a standardized change program
Unfreezing: as organizations are in a constant state of flux, they require freezing to analyze change – not unfreezing to begin the process of change
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