1. interrelativity.com The Practicalities, Perils and Promise of RFID Joe McCarthy Connector in Chief Interrelativity, Inc 1 March 2006

2. interrelativity.com 2 Outline What is RFID? What is it good for? What are the risks? What is on/over the horizon? “It may be simple, but it’s not easy” “Identify any object anywhere automatically” “The innocent have nothing to fear” “The future is here, it’s just unevenly distributed.”

3. interrelativity.com 3 What is RFID? Si Coil Encapsulation RFID Transponder Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves. [RFID Journal] [Roy Want, Intel] Computer RFID Interrogator RFID Transponder Energy Clock Data

4. interrelativity.com 4 “It’s simple, but it isn’t easy”

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6. 6 EPCglobal Tag Local Host ONS PML Savant Reader Product Remote Host Network EPC TAGS RFID EPC Electronic Product Code ONS Object Name Service PML Physical Markup Language Savant TM Distributed Operating System ALE Application Level Events (devices, data, apps)

7. interrelativity.com 7 Complications  Tag size, shape, frequency  Passive, semi-passive, active  Distance, orientation  RF interference (EMI)  Other tags, readers  Other sources of RF  Metal, liquids, …  Standards  ISO, EPC (Gen X, Class Y)  Patents  Data Format  Writeable tags  Interoperability  Tags, readers, backend systems, industries, countries FrequencyCategoryRange 128 kHz LFInches 13.56 MHz HFFeet 915 MHz UHFMeters 2.45 GHz Microwave Many Meters

8. interrelativity.com 8 Costs  Tags  Passive: $0.25 - $1.00  Active: $10 - $50  Readers, Antennas  Passive (UHF): $500 - $3,000  Active: readers + signposts, $10K+  Computers, networking, databases, …  Training (mandatory, $10K, 1-2 weeks)  Forrester Research estimate (for a $12B consumer products company):  $128,000 for consulting and integration  $315,000 for the time of the internal project team  $80,000 for tag and reader testing

9. interrelativity.com 9 RFID Market  Today: $2.7B, 1.8B tags (500M passive, 1.3B active)  2010: $12B; 2016: $27B, 1 trillion tags  RFID vs. barcodes  5-10B barcodes / year  To reach 10B tags / year, need < $0.01 / tag (2020)  Requires new technology Source: IDTechEx Hitachi mu-Chip (0.15x0.15x0.0075) Philips (plastic) Etc.

10. interrelativity.com 10 “Identify any object anywhere automatically”

11. interrelativity.com 11 Supply Chain Item Case Pallet Container Transport Vessel / Vehicle

12. interrelativity.com 12 Access Control Buildings Ski resorts Countries Containers

13. interrelativity.com 13 Asset Tracking Livestock Salmon Pets At school On the bus At the park Airline luggage Documents & Folders Beer & Wine

14. interrelativity.com 14 RFID in Healthcare Equipment Medications Patients Blood Surgical sites

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16. interrelativity.com 16 Transactions ExxonMobil SpeedPass Illinois Tollway I-Pass SST PowerPay ASK @ Olympics AmEx ExpressPay MasterCard PayPass

17. interrelativity.com 17 “The innocent have nothing to fear”

18. interrelativity.com 18  Internet: aggregate electronic data  RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!)  Tracking & tracing: people, places & things  Item-level vs. supply chain Risks BoycottBenetton.com BoycottGillette.com BoycottTesco.com

19. interrelativity.com 19 Hacks RFID Chips in Car Keys and Gas Pump Pay Tags Carry Security Risks Avi Rubin, et al., Johns Hopkins University, 29 January 2005 http://RFIDanalysis.org/ How to Kill RFID Tags with a Cell Phone Scientific American Blog, 14 February 2006 Adi Shamir Weizmann Institute

20. interrelativity.com 20 Real ID Act  Passed May 10, 2005  Effective 2008  National ID Card  name, address, DOB, sex, digital photo, ID number  "common machine-readable technology“  not necessarily RFID  WA House Bill 2521  More info:  www.epic.org  www.aclu.org  www.schneier.com  www.unrealid.com

21. interrelativity.com 21 RFID + children  Sutter, CA, school district  InCom Corporation  Name badges + RFID  Notification vs. consent

22. interrelativity.com 22 “The future is here, it’s just unevenly distributed

23. interrelativity.com 23 RFID + Mobile Phones  KDDI  RFID readers  Active & Passive  NTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMA®  Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner…)

24. interrelativity.com 24 RFID + Sensors  TempSens  Up to 64 temp. readings  Three modes  Interval (2 sec – 18 hrs)  Out-of-range events  Out-of-range + max/min  Shelf life: up to 18 months  Applications: perishable food, drugs  www.ksw-microtec.de

25. interrelativity.com 25 RFID + Robots Kobe, Japan Mobility Support Project Utah State University Center for People with Disabilities Fukuoka, Japan NTT + Tmsuk

26. interrelativity.com 26 RFID + People  VeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions) Mexico Attorney General Spain Beach Club Cincinnati, OH Tommy Thompson Gov WI, Sec HHS, Applied Digital John Halamka, M.D., CIO Harvard Medical School ?

27. interrelativity.com 27 Amal Graafstra … coming up in a bit …

28. interrelativity.com 28 Shameless Self-promotion

29. interrelativity.com 29 RFID + Displays  Proactive Displays: Large displays with sensors that can detect and respond to people nearby  Promote awareness & interactions in shared spaces  Online community  physical community + Online Profiles Physical Tokens (e.g., RFID) + Large Displays Better Real-world Interactions =

30. interrelativity.com 30 Registration

31. interrelativity.com 31 Profile Photo Name Organization Title “ticket to talk” image “ticket to talk” caption Queue (people detected nearby) Sponsor (banner) Anatomy of a Proactive Display

32. interrelativity.com 32 Social Impact of Proactive Displays  Learning about / meeting new people  Learning new things about old acquaintances  Saving face by displaying names (+ faces) vs.

33. interrelativity.com 33 A Range of Connections Coming soon to an[other] event near you …

34. interrelativity.com 34 Thanks! / Questions?  For more information  http://interrelativity.com/rfid