1. Review of the Seismology component of the training course
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Session IV.3
Review of the Seismology component of the training course
April 6, 2006
Sri Lanka

2. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

3. Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Plates are rigid and the majority of deformation occurs on plate boundaries. Therefore, plate boundaries are the location of the majority of earthquakes
Handout pages 63, 75-80

4. Frequency distribution of earthquakes
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Frequency distribution of earthquakes
Number of Earthquakes Worldwide for Located by the US Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center
Magnitude
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
8.0 to 9.9 1 2
7.0 to 7.9 14 15 13 10 4
6.0 to 6.9
158
126
130
140
141
150 21
5.0 to 5.9
1345
1243
1218
1203
1515
1720
239
Log N = a - bM
Handout pages

5. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

6. Elastic Rebound Theory
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Elastic Rebound Theory
Handout pages: 62, 95

7. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

8. Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Handout pages:
48-60, 72

9. Forward Branch
Backward Branch
Shadow Zone
P waves

10. Ray paths Handout pages: 82-94
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Ray paths
Handout pages:
82-94
. “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie

11. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

12. Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
vertical
Rayleigh Waves
radial
transverse
Love Waves
Handout page 70

13. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

14. Types of Magnitude Scales
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Types of Magnitude Scales
Period Range
ML Local magnitude (California) regional S and sec
surface waves
Mj JMA (Japan Meteorol. Agency) regional S and sec
mb Body wave magnitude teleseismic P waves sec
Ms Surface wave magnitude teleseismic surface sec
waves
Mw Moment magnitude teleseismic surface > 200 sec
Mwp P-wave moment magnitude teleseismic P waves sec
Mm Mantle magnitude teleseismic surface > 200 sec

15. Relationship between different types of magnitudes
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Relationship between different types of magnitudes
Handout pages:
65-69, ,

16. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

17. hypocentral locations
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
hypocentral locations
Handout pages:
64, & Dr Kayal’s notes on the CD
. “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie

18. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

19. Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
. “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie
Handout
pages 73-75, ,

20. Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

21. Vault of an observatory
Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Vault of an observatory
Handout pages:

22. Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program
Handout pages