1. JAPAN

2. Map

3. Demography  Population – 127,103,388  Birth Rate – 8.07 Births/1000 population  Death Rate – 9.38 deaths/100 population  Fertility Rate – 1.4 children born/woman  Infant Mortality – Total 2.13 deaths/1000 live births, Male 2.35 deaths/1000 lives, Female 1.88 deaths/1000 live births  Population growth rate – 0.13% (2014)  Religion – Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8%  Population – 127,103,388  Birth Rate – 8.07 Births/1000 population  Death Rate – 9.38 deaths/100 population  Fertility Rate – 1.4 children born/woman  Infant Mortality – Total 2.13 deaths/1000 live births, Male 2.35 deaths/1000 lives, Female 1.88 deaths/1000 live births  Population growth rate – 0.13% (2014)  Religion – Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8%

4. Demography  Gender Ratio – 0.95 male(s)/female  Net Immigration – 0 migrant(s)/1000 population  HDI – 0.890 (2013)  Gender Ratio – 0.95 male(s)/female  Net Immigration – 0 migrant(s)/1000 population  HDI – 0.890 (2013)

5. Challenges Low fertility rate – Women are dismissed when they become pregnant, finding it difficult to get back into the workforce. High cost of rearing children. Education fees, are among the highest in the world. Shortage of child-care facilities High cost of housing in Japan encourages young people to stay at home rather than start new households and families. Low fertility rate – Women are dismissed when they become pregnant, finding it difficult to get back into the workforce. High cost of rearing children. Education fees, are among the highest in the world. Shortage of child-care facilities High cost of housing in Japan encourages young people to stay at home rather than start new households and families.

6. Responses Social security spending, elderly or retired Japanese workers now account for around 70% all social security spending, or more than US$600 billion. Health care, Japan’s long life expectancy has produced a need for more health care, e.g. 1/3 of Japanese over the need of 85 has developed some degree of dementia. There is a major need to improve access to quality child care and education. Encouraging older people to remain at work, e.g. raising the retirement age to 65 or possibly 755 years in the future. IT recruiting graduates, encouraging female workers who dropped out of the workforce to return to their careers and develop new skills. Social security spending, elderly or retired Japanese workers now account for around 70% all social security spending, or more than US$600 billion. Health care, Japan’s long life expectancy has produced a need for more health care, e.g. 1/3 of Japanese over the need of 85 has developed some degree of dementia. There is a major need to improve access to quality child care and education. Encouraging older people to remain at work, e.g. raising the retirement age to 65 or possibly 755 years in the future. IT recruiting graduates, encouraging female workers who dropped out of the workforce to return to their careers and develop new skills.

7. Summary