1. Lecture 18: Reflect and Research Intro to IT COSC1078 Introduction to Information Technology Lecture 18 Reflect and Research James Harland james.harland@rmit.edu.au

2. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Introduction James Harland Email: james.harland@rmit.edu.au URL: www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~jah Phone: 9925 2045 Office: 14.10.1 Consultation: Mon 4.30-5.30, Thu 11.30-12.30 What colour is my office door? Carpet? Chair?

3. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Introduction to IT 1 Introduction 2 Images 3 Audio 4 Video WebLearnTest 1 5 Binary Representation Assignment 1 6 Data Storage 7 Machine Processing 8 Operating Systems WebLearn Test 2 9 Processes Assignment 2 10 Internet 11 Internet Security WebLearn Test 3 12 Future of ITAssignment 3, Peer and Self Assessment

4. Lecture 16: ProcessesIntro to IT Overview  Questions?  Assignment 2  Assignment 3  Reflect and Research  Questions?

5. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Reflection Questions 1. What are the boundaries of IT? Under what circumstances would you say that a given issue is not about IT? How would you write down one sentence that describes your understanding ofwhat IT is? 2. How could you ever trust a photograph, given that these can be easily edited nowadays? Should photographs be banned as evidence in a court? Or is there a certification process that could ensure no tampering has taken place?

6. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Reflection Questions 3. “It used to be that photographs were put into old boxes and never organised into photo albums. Now photographs are put onto hard discs and never organised into slideshows. Nothing has changed, only the technology we use to waste our time and resources." Do you agree with this statement? How might there be a technological solution to this problem? (Hint: what is your screensaver?).

7. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Reflection Questions 4. It was once common to purchase CDs and other physical storage media to obtain recorded music. What are the advantages and disadvantages of purely electronic distribution? How might the disadvantages be overcome? 5. The comic book hero `The Phantom' is sometimes referred to as “moving faster that the eye can see". Isn't this exactly what computers do now to display videos?

8. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Reflection Questions 6. It has been said that computers could run more efficiently if they were based on hexadecimal numbers, rather than binary ones. Why would this be? What would be necessary to make this idea work? 7. Compression is only possible when there is redundant information stored. Why does this happen? 8. Why is computer programming considered very error prone? Is all that detail strictly necessary?

9. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Reflection Questions 9. Why isn't there just one operating system? Why aren't there dozens of them? How come there are really only three? 10. Sometimes users want to do things that aren't good for them. How far should an operating system go to try to protect a user from themselves? 11. “The Internet has been the most fundamental change during my lifetime and for hundreds of years." -- Rupert Murdoch. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

10. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Reflection Questions 12. Information technology is constantly evolving, and it is likely that some of the things that you have learnt will be obsolete by the time that you graduate. How will you be able to recognise these? Can you identify some likely possibilities now?

11. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT Research

12. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT 12

13. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT 13 Why do we need Intelligent Systems?  New York Stock Exchange  33% of shares (by volume) traded by machines  40% of shares (by value) traded by machines  Needs fast response time

14. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT 14 Why do we need Intelligent Systems? “The Robots are coming! The Robots are coming!”  Mars Rover  Home systems – vacuum, lawn mower, gutter cleaner  Military systems --- mine clearance, sensing, weapons control, autonomous vehicles, …  Sensor networks  Exoskeletons and artificial limbs  Rescue robots  Fish, birds, dogs, insects, …

15. Robots

16. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT 16 What is Intelligence? talk“Hello! How are you today. Could I please have a coffee?” hearInterpret “er… so.. um… as I was saying, what? No! Coffee please!” readInterpret “Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.” think“Low on fuel, it’s getting dark, no clue where I am … Hmmmm….” actPick things up, move them, walk, build things, … seeDistinguish moving objects from static ones, colours, textures, … adaptThis isn’t working, so let’s try something else … paintMake judgements about what is pleasing and what is not

17. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT 17 Quantum Computing How do we make computers faster? Use quantum mechanics! Use qubits rather than bits Superposition means that we can ‘store’ all 2 n values of n bits at once! This can be used to perform search in parallel ‘for free’ TypeBitQubit Values0,10,1,both

18. Lecture 18: Reflect and ResearchIntro to IT 18 Information Security How do we keep information secure?

19. Lecture 16: ProcessesIntro to IT Conclusion  Work on Assignment 2 (and 3?)  Web Quizzes and Web Test 3  Finish reading book!