1. Introduction to System Analysis and Design - Dr. Mahmoud Abu-Arra - Dr. Mahmoud Abu-Arra - Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul System Analysis and Design

2. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD2 Learning Objectives Discuss How Business Uses Information Systems Discuss How Business Uses Information Systems Identify various types of information systems and explain who uses them Identify various types of information systems and explain who uses them Explain Information System Users and Their Needs Explain Information System Users and Their Needs

3. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD3Introduction You might assume that several different types of information systems would be needed to satisfy all of an organization systems needs. Your assumption would be correct. You might assume that several different types of information systems would be needed to satisfy all of an organization systems needs. Your assumption would be correct. There are several different types or classes of information systems. In the past, these types are divided based on the user group the system served, but today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions. There are several different types or classes of information systems. In the past, these types are divided based on the user group the system served, but today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions. As a system analyst, part of your job will be to determine which kind of system will best address the organizational problem or opportunity on which you are focusing. As a system analyst, part of your job will be to determine which kind of system will best address the organizational problem or opportunity on which you are focusing. Corporate organizational structure has changed in recent years. Many companies reduced the number of management levels and delegated responsibility to operational personal. A system analyst must understand the organizational model in order to know the information system users and their needs Corporate organizational structure has changed in recent years. Many companies reduced the number of management levels and delegated responsibility to operational personal. A system analyst must understand the organizational model in order to know the information system users and their needs

4. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD4 How Business Uses Information Systems In the past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served In the past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served Office systems ( administrative staff ) Office systems ( administrative staff ) Operational systems ( operational personal ) Operational systems ( operational personal ) Decision support systems ( middle managers, and knowledge workers ) Decision support systems ( middle managers, and knowledge workers ) Executive information systems (top managers) Executive information systems (top managers)

5. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD5 How Business Uses Information Systems Today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions, rather than by users, because the technology and new modern companies, users need more functions to be more flexible and to do their jobs more efficient. Today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions, rather than by users, because the technology and new modern companies, users need more functions to be more flexible and to do their jobs more efficient. Enterprise computing systems Enterprise computing systems Refers to information systems that support company wide operations and data management requirement. Refers to information systems that support company wide operations and data management requirement. The main objective is to integrated company's primary functions ( production, sales, services, inventory control, accounting ). The main objective is to integrated company's primary functions ( production, sales, services, inventory control, accounting ). enterprise computing systems improves efficiency, reduce costs, help managers make decisions, improve data security, reliability, data redundancy, by imposing company wide framework for data access and storage. enterprise computing systems improves efficiency, reduce costs, help managers make decisions, improve data security, reliability, data redundancy, by imposing company wide framework for data access and storage. Enterprise computing systems examples Enterprise computing systems examples Wal-mart’s inventory control system Wal-mart’s inventory control system American airlines’ reservation system American airlines’ reservation system

6. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD6 How Business Uses Information Systems Enterprise computing systems Enterprise computing systems Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) In many large companies, applications called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems provide cost effective support for users and managers throughout the company In many large companies, applications called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems provide cost effective support for users and managers throughout the company ERP systems are computer-based systems aimed at meeting this need that enable the management of all of a firm’s resources on an organization-wide basis ERP systems are computer-based systems aimed at meeting this need that enable the management of all of a firm’s resources on an organization-wide basis A potential disadvantage of ERP is that ERP systems generally impose an overall structure that might or might not match the way a company operates. A potential disadvantage of ERP is that ERP systems generally impose an overall structure that might or might not match the way a company operates.

7. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD7 How Business Uses Information Systems Transaction processing systems (TP) Transaction processing systems (TP) an information system that captures and processes data about business transactions. an information system that captures and processes data about business transactions. It gathers data from the firm’s physical system and environment and enters it into its database It gathers data from the firm’s physical system and environment and enters it into its database The software also transforms the data into information for the firm’s managers and other individuals in the firm’s environment The software also transforms the data into information for the firm’s managers and other individuals in the firm’s environment TP systems perform a series of tasks whenever a specific transaction occurs. TP systems perform a series of tasks whenever a specific transaction occurs. TP systems typically involve large amount of data and are mission- critical systems, because the enterprise cannot function without them TP systems typically involve large amount of data and are mission- critical systems, because the enterprise cannot function without them TP systems protect data integrity by ensure that if any single element of transaction fails, the system does not process the rest of the transaction TP systems protect data integrity by ensure that if any single element of transaction fails, the system does not process the rest of the transaction an example of TP system include an example of TP system include customer order processing customer order processing accounts receivable accounts receivable warranty claim processing. warranty claim processing.

8. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD8 How Business Uses Information Systems Business support systems Business support systems Provide job related information support to users at all levels. Provide job related information support to users at all levels. These systems can analyze transactional data, generate information needed to manage and control business processes. These systems can analyze transactional data, generate information needed to manage and control business processes. Business support systems was called Management Information Systems ( MIS ), because these systems were manager oriented, now-a days all users need information to perform their job. Business support systems was called Management Information Systems ( MIS ), because these systems were manager oriented, now-a days all users need information to perform their job. Typical MIS modules are report-writing software, and models that can simulate firm operations Typical MIS modules are report-writing software, and models that can simulate firm operations Business support systems transform the data in frontline systems, such as transaction processing systems into information useful to managers Business support systems transform the data in frontline systems, such as transaction processing systems into information useful to managers An important feature of business support system is decision support capability, by creating computer model and applying a set of variables An important feature of business support system is decision support capability, by creating computer model and applying a set of variables Business support systems helps users to take suitable decisions, so it can answer ( what if ) questions. Business support systems helps users to take suitable decisions, so it can answer ( what if ) questions.

9. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD9 How Business Uses Information Systems Knowledge management systems ( Expert Systems ) Knowledge management systems ( Expert Systems )  An information system that captures the expertise of workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of none experts.  A knowledge base consist of a large Data Base that allow users to find information by entering keywords or questions in normal languages.  A knowledge management system uses inference rules, which are logical rules that identify data patterns and relationship.

10. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD10 How Business Uses Information Systems User productivity systems User productivity systems Technology that improves productivity Technology that improves productivity Word processing, e-mail, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, and database management, are some examples of user productivity systems Word processing, e-mail, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, and database management, are some examples of user productivity systems User productivity systems also include groupware User productivity systems also include groupware Group ware programs run on a company intranet that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams. Group ware programs run on a company intranet that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams.

11. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD11 How Business Uses Information Systems Information systems integration Information systems integration Most large companies require systems that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features. Thus as analyst, you will likely employ specific methodologies, techniques, and tools to build the specific system. Most large companies require systems that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features. Thus as analyst, you will likely employ specific methodologies, techniques, and tools to build the specific system.

12. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD12 Information System Users and Their Needs A systems analyst must understand the company’s organizational model in order to recognize who is responsible for specific processes and decisions, how processes will connect, what data and information the process needs, and to be aware of what information is required by whom. A systems analyst must understand the company’s organizational model in order to recognize who is responsible for specific processes and decisions, how processes will connect, what data and information the process needs, and to be aware of what information is required by whom.

13. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD13 Information System Users and Their Needs Top managers Top managers Has a global view, develop a long range plans which define the company's overall mission and goals, Provides initiative for the project, and has a strategic concern. Has a global view, develop a long range plans which define the company's overall mission and goals, Provides initiative for the project, and has a strategic concern. Top managers focus on the overall business enterprise and use IT to set the company’s course and directions Top managers focus on the overall business enterprise and use IT to set the company’s course and directions Top managers needs information from outside the company, such as economic forecasts, technology trends, competitive threats, and governmental issues Top managers needs information from outside the company, such as economic forecasts, technology trends, competitive threats, and governmental issues

14. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD14 Information System Users and Their Needs Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers Provide direction, necessary resources, and performance feedback to supervisors. Provide direction, necessary resources, and performance feedback to supervisors. Middle managers need more detailed information than top managers. Middle managers need more detailed information than top managers. Knowledge workers also used business support systems, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems. Knowledge workers also used business support systems, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems. They provide support for the organization’s basic functions. They provide support for the organization’s basic functions.

15. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD15 Information System Users and Their Needs Supervisors and Team Leaders Supervisors and Team Leaders They usually manage a group of operational users and are responsible for their performance They usually manage a group of operational users and are responsible for their performance supervisors carry out day-to-day functions, they make necessary decisions. supervisors carry out day-to-day functions, they make necessary decisions. Supervisors need decision support information, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems. Supervisors need decision support information, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems.

16. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD16 Information System Users and Their Needs Operational Employees Operational Employees are the clerical, operational, and administrative people most likely to have the most day-to-day contact with the new system. are the clerical, operational, and administrative people most likely to have the most day-to-day contact with the new system. Operational employee rely on TP systems to enter and receive data they need to perform their jobs Operational employee rely on TP systems to enter and receive data they need to perform their jobs Usually have local view. Usually have local view. Carry out the function of the system. Carry out the function of the system. Has a physical view of the system. Has a physical view of the system.

17. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD17 Sequence Summary In this Sequence we have In this Sequence we have Discussed how business uses information systems Discussed how business uses information systems Distinguished between dividing systems based on the user group the system served and dividing systems by there functions, rather than by users Distinguished between dividing systems based on the user group the system served and dividing systems by there functions, rather than by users Described different types of information systems Described different types of information systems Explained information system users and their needs Explained information system users and their needs

18. Avicenna System Analysis and Design Introduction to SAD18 Reference [1] System Analysis and Design, Sixth Edition Authors: Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman and Harry J. Rosenblatt, Authors: Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman and Harry J. Rosenblatt, Publisher: SHELLY CASHMAN SEWIES. [2] Modern Systems Analysis and Design Third Edition Authors: Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich Authors: Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich Publisher: prentice hall Publisher: prentice hall [3] Systems analysis and design methods Authors: Jeffrey L.; Bentley, Lonnie D., Dittman, Kevin Publisher: McGraw-Hill