1. USING DIRECT QUOTES …during literary analysis! A.E. Harter, 2010 Sheboygan Falls High School

2. Method 1. Paraphrase ► Begin with an argument sentence to introduce your point. ► Put the phrase into your own words ► Cite the line/page where the paraphrased statement appears. (Include author last name if you plan to cite multiple texts.) ► Ex. There is a sense that the community is one being. The whole neighborhood buzzes with excitement as the lottery numbers are read (7).

3. Method 2. Quote + Tag ► Begin with an argument sentence to introduce your point. ► Immediately after, write a sentence that includes the evidence quote, along with a tag telling us where the quote came from. ► Cite the line/page number. ► Ex. In this poem, the speaker is caught between two opposing choices. He states, “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood" (1).

4. Notice the placement of the punctuation: ► Frost states, “ Two roads diverged in a yellow wood ” ( 1 ). ► (Comma separates tag and quote. Quotation marks surround direct quote. Parentheticals around citation. It all ends with the period.)

5. FYI ► You may quote the author (person who wrote the poem) or the speaker (the character who narrates the poem). ► Sometimes they are the same. Most of the time they are not.

6. Words you can use other than “states” or “says” ► demonstrates ► reports ► claims ► suggests ► acknowledges ► observes ► admits ► asserts ► emphasizes ► declares ► brings to light ► holds ► maintains ► argues that

7. Method 3. Sentence/Quote Fusion ► Fuse your argument sentence together along with your evidence quote through the magic of the colon! ► Cite the line/page number ► Ex. Through his personification of the night sky, the speaker portrays the danger, beauty, and struggle of inner city New York : “So much on my mind that I can’t recline/blastin’ holes in the night ‘til she bled sunshine” (15-16).

8. Method 4. Small “sound bytes” within a sentence ► Incorporate small phrases from the piece into the argument sentence and cite them as you refer to them. ► Ex. The character’s motion is constantly changing as he “soars” through the air (63), “rattles” (65), and later “explodes, wanders, and hovers” (93).

9. Method 5. Incorporation ► Incorporate and cite your direct quote straight into an explanatory sentence. Use an argument sentence to show the quote’s significance. ► Ex. It is in this turbulent city of Verona that “two star cross’d lovers take their life” (1). Shakespeare tells his readers that fate will play a part in this tragic tale early on.

10. Try using the argument sentence and evidence quote below to practice a method! ► Argument sentence: The speaker, full of conflicting information, seems unable to commit to the scene he sets. ► Quote: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times” ► Line number: 1

11. Happy Analyzing!