1. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Chapter 10 The Presidency American Government: Policy & Politics, Eighth Edition TANNAHILL

2. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 In This Chapter We Will Cover: The constitutional presidency The development of the modern president The organization of the presidency Presidential policymaking Presidential popularity The presidency in context

3. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Presidency Qualifications and Backgrounds –35 years of age –Natural-born American citizen –U.S. resident at least 14 years Term of Office –4 years –Two-term limit according to Twenty-second Amendment (1951)

4. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Presidency Impeachment and Removal –Andrew Johnson’s impeachment (1868) –Richard Nixon’s resignation (1974) –Bill Clinton’s impeachment (1998) Presidential Succession and Disability –The Twenty-fifth Amendment (1967) authorizes the president to fill a vacancy in the office of vice president and establishes procedures for the vice president to become acting president should the president become disabled and incapable of performing the duties of office.

5. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Presidency The Vice Presidency –The Constitution gives the vice president two duties. The vice president is president of the Senate and votes in case of a tie. The vice president becomes president of the United States if the office becomes vacant.

6. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Presidency Constitutional Powers and Duties –Diplomatic Powers Can negotiate treaties –Military Powers Commander in chief of the armed forces –Judicial Powers Nominates all federal judges pending Senate confirmation Issue pardons, reprieves

7. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Presidency –Executive Powers Head of executive branch Can issue Executive Orders –Legislative Powers State of the Union Address Veto

8. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Presidential Vetoes, 1993-2000

9. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Presidency The Two Presidencies Thesis asserts that the president enjoys more influence over foreign policymaking than domestic policymaking.

10. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Development of the Modern Presidency The Early Days –Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase –Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine Twentieth Century –Most political scientists believe that the era of the modern presidency began with Franklin D. Roosevelt.

11. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Organization of the Presidency The White House Staff –Selected by president without Senate confirmation Personal aides Assistants Advisors

12. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Organization of the Presidency The Executive Office of the President –National Security Council (NSC) –Office of Management and Budget (OMB) The Presidential Bureaucracy and Presidential Influence –The challenge for a president is to develop a leadership style that neither delegates too little or too much.

13. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Presidential Policymaking The Power to Persuade –Because presidents cannot command, they must convince others to cooperate with them. Going public –A media-oriented strategy asking citizens directly to assist the president in influencing legislators.

14. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Presidential Popularity Presidential popularity influences presidential power. A president’s personal popularity affects the position of the president as a political broker. –Honeymoon effect –Rally effect

15. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Presidency in Context The role of the presidency is best understood by focusing on contextual factors. –International affairs –Strength of the economy –Composition of Congress

16. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Concluding Review Questions What impact have the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 had on the powers of the presidency? What are the qualifications, term of office, process of removal, and order of succession for the presidency? How has the office of the vice president changed over the last thirty years?

17. Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Concluding Review Questions What does “going public” mean? How are treaties and executive agreements different? What executive powers does the president have in the legislative process?