1. Class 3 Activity Study Question 6 Analyses/Results Interpretation

2. Treatment Study Independent Variables (2 X 2) Mother’s Place of Birth Child’s Gender US Mexico Boy Girl 2 Participants 100 Mothers 100 12-14 year olds/ 50 boys Design: Between Groups, Expo-facto, Factorial, Dependent Variables Pre-test Self-Reported Parenting Skills

3. Main Effects Place of Birth: It is hypothesized that: Child’s Gender It is hypothesized that: 3

4. Main Effects Place of Birth: It is hypothesized that mothers born in the US will obtain higher scores in parenting skills than mothers born in Mexico Child’s Gender It is hypothesized that mothers of boys will obtain higher scores in parenting skills than mothers of girls 4

5. Moderation Effect Mother’s Place of Birth will moderate the association of child’s gender to pre-test parenting skills so that: Among mother’s born in US Among mother’s born in Mexico 5

6. Moderation Effect Mother’s Place of Birth will moderate the association of child’s gender to pre-test parenting skills so that: Among Mothers born in US, there will be no differences in parenting skills among mothers of boys compared to mothers of girls Among mothers born in Mexico, mothers of boys will obtain higher scores in parenting skills than mothers of girls 6

7. Table 4: 2X2 ANOVA with Moderation DV- SR Parenting Scale #6 IV DV- Pre-test SR Parental Skills Scale F statistic Mom Place of Birth Mexico vs. US (Mexico + USA) Main Effect NS Child Gender Boys vs. Girls (Boys + Girls) Main Effect* * p<.05 Child Gender x Mom P. Birth (M birth X Ch gender) Mexico-Boys USA - Boys Mexico -Girls USA- Girls Mom’s birth place as moderator* 7

8. Table 1 Mean Parenting Skills by Mom’s Country of Birth and Child’s Gender Main Effects Parenting Scale Mean Mean T-Test needed? Mom Birth Country Mexico 2.8 USA 2.9 p>.05 NS Child Gender Mom of Girls 2.3 Mom of Boys 3.3* *p<.05 Possible range of scores for parenting Scale = 1 to 5 8

9. Result Main Effects: Place of Birth Question #6 Table 5 Do moms born in USA obtain higher scores in parenting skills than moms born in Mexico? Answer: No 2.8 vs. 2.9 NS 9

10. Results Main Effects: Child’s Gender Question #6 Table 5 Do moms of boys obtain higher scores in parenting skills than moms of girls? Answer: Yes, 3.3 vs. 2.3 p<.05 10

11. Research Question Interaction Effects Study Q. #6: Mom’s Place Birth Moderator Does mom’s place of birth make a difference in the association of child’s gender to mom’s parenting skills: Among Moms born in Mexico, do moms of boys obtain higher scores in parenting skills than moms of girls? Among Moms born in USA, do moms of boys obtain higher scores in parenting skills than moms of girls? 11

12. Table 2 Means Parenting Skills Ratings by Child’s Gender within Mom’s Country of Birth Mexico U.S.A. Mom of Boys. 2.8* 2.6 Mom of Girls. 1.9. 2.5 Is T Test Needed? *p<.05p>.05 NS 12

13. Research Question Interaction Effects Study Q. #6: Mom’s Place Birth Moderator Does mom’s place of birth make a difference in the association of child’s gender to parenting skills: Yes Among Moms born in Mexico, moms of boys obtained higher scores in parenting skills than moms of girls? 2.8* vs. 1.9 Yes Among Moms born in USA, do moms of boys obtained higher scores in parenting skills than moms of girls? 2.6 vs. 2.5 NS NO 13

14. Conclusions Only among Mom’s born in Mexico, moms of boys scored higher in the parenting skills questionnaire than mom’s of girls. Therefore, the main effect for child’s gender applies only to mom’s born in Mexico. Suggests that validity of parenting skills questionnaire may be related to mom’s acculturation to US- question for further research. 14

15. Research Question Interaction Effects Study Q. #6: Child’s Gender Moderator Does child gender make a difference in the relation of mom’s place of birth to parenting skills: Among Moms of boys, do moms born in the US obtain higher scores in the parenting scale than moms born in Mexico? Among Moms of girls, do moms born in the US obtain higher scores in the parenting scale than moms born in Mexico? 15

16. Table 6A Interaction Effects Place of Birth as Moderator Mexico U.S.A. T- Test Mom of Boys Mean P. Sc. 2.8 Mean P. Sc. 2.6 NS Mom of Girls Mean P. Sc. 1.9 Mean P. Sc. 2.5* * P <.05 P<.05 Stat. Sig P>.05 NS P<.05 Stat. Sig 16

17. Research Question Interaction Effects Study Q. #6: Child’s Gender Moderator Does child gender make a difference in the relation of mom’s place of birth to parenting skills: YES Among Moms of boys, moms born in the US obtain similar scores in the parenting scale than moms born in Mexico? 2.8 vs 2.6 Among Moms of girls, moms born in the US obtain higher scores in theparenting scale than moms born in Mexico? 1.9 vs. 2.5* 17

18. Comparison of Studies Study 1 Treatment2 IVs Manipulated (1), Status (1), both Categorical Both Status, Categorical DVsContinuous; Parenting SkillsContinuous: Parenting Skills DesignExperimental, factorial, Betw.-GAssociation, factorial, Betw-G Assignment Groups RandomAssigned AnalysisANOVA 2X2 18