1. Structure and Function
Cells
Structure and Function

2. Cell Vocabulary Make a flashcard or foldable for the following terms:
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell
Gogi apparatus
Cell theory
Lysosome
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Lipid bilayer
Prokaryote
Selective permeability
Eukaryote
Diffusion
Organelle
Active transport

3. Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.

4. 1600 Cell Shape and Size Press your pen to your paper to create dot.
How many cells do you think would fit within that dot????
1600
Cell video clip—2:30, on flash drive

5. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
These 2 types of cells differ in complexity and general structure

6. Lack internal membrane-bound structures Unicellular organisms
Prokaryotic Cells
Lack internal membrane-bound structures
Unicellular organisms
About 1/10th the size of a Eukaryotic cell.
Example: bacteria
Yogurt on a slide?

7. Prokaryotic Cell

8. Multicellular organisms Membrane bound organelles Mostly animal cells
Eukaryotic Cell
Multicellular organisms
Membrane bound organelles
Mostly animal cells
Present in all living things, except bacteria
Cheek Cells on a Slide

9. Eukaryotic Cell

10. Add pics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

11. Plant and Animal Cells Look at p. 176 in your textbook.
Take a moment to look at the cells.
What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not??
Prokaryotici

12. Despite cell diversity, ALL cells have 3 basic parts:
Basic Parts of a Cell
Despite cell diversity, ALL cells have 3 basic parts:
Cell Membrane and/or Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

13. Cell Wall provides support and protection for the cell.
Found in plants and many prokaryotes
Very outside edge of the cell

14. The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane
Includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all organelles (except nucleus).

15. Cytoplasm

16. Nucleus Cells carry coded information in the form of DNA.
In some cells DNA floats freely inside the cell
In other cells the DNA is found in a membrane- bound organelle: the NUCLEUS
Most functions of a cell are controlled by the nucleus.
The NUCLEOLUS is a small structure within the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled.

17. Control Center

18. Basic Parts Video Clip
Youtube—Nucleous and Cytoplasm Song, 3:24

19. Nucleus Video Clip

20. Draw a cell and label all 3 basic parts
INTERACTIVE
Draw a cell and label all 3 basic parts
You do NOT need to include all the organelles

21. Cell Organelles Plasma Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoskeleton

22. The Cell Song! Available on Youtube and Itunes
The Cell Song…3:10 science music videos

23. Ribosomes (not an organelle - but important)
Present in the cytoplasm.
Present with Rough ER.
No membrane present.
Each cell contains thousands
Make proteins

25. Ribosome Video Clip

26. Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of tubes and sacs
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

27. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports materials throughout the cell.
Digests lipids.
Produces proteins.

28. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Covered with ribosomes.
Produces proteins.
Transports materials throughout the cell.

30. Video Clip Endoplasmic Reticulum

31. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Protein 'packaging plant'
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

33. Golgi Apparatus Video Clip

34. Central Vacuole (Plant Cell Only)
Most plant cells have one large one.
Filled w/ fluid.
Helps maintains turgor pressure and shape of cell.

35. Chloroplast (Plant Cell Only)
Contains chlorophyll.
Makes plants green.
Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars.
Photosynthesis takes place here.

36. Mitochondria Video Clips

37. Mitochondria, aka “Mighty-Chondria”
This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATP by breaking down glucose to Carbon dioxide.
(ATP = energy)
Involved in cellular respiration
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Mitochondria even have their own DNA!

39. Let’s hear that Cell Song Again…

40. A quick review of cell organelles
3 Facts from the Brainpop on Cell Structures

41. INTERACTIVE Cell City
Biology corner w/s

42. Cell Coloring! Quiz on Eukaryotic cell at next meeting!!
Coloring Pages

43. Plant vs Animal Cells!
Using a microscope…biology corner

44. Movement through the Membrane
Cell’s outer boundary
Covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
All materials enter and exit through the plasma membrane
Membrane is SEMIPERMEABLE: allows only certain materials in and out.
Balloon/Perfume Demo

45. Plasma Membrane
Cell Membranes Rap 3:40

46. Movement through a membrane video Clip
Insights into cell membranes via dish detergent 3:50

47. and Active Transport Cell Homeostasis
Cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells.
There are two main ways of transporting materials into and out of a cell:
Passive Transport
and
Active Transport

48. Passive Transport
Passive transport occurs when substances cross the cell membrane without any energy by the cell
Transport with NO Energy—riding a bike downhill
Diffusion and Osmosis are the primary methods of Passive Transport

49. Diffusion Simplest form of passive transport
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
The difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance is called a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Molecules will move from one area to another until it reaches EQUILIBRIUM, or a balance.
Demo—dissolve sugar in water…give each group a beaker and watch it.

50. Sugar Cube Diffusion

51. Osmosis
Osmosis is the passive (no energy required) transport of water across a cell membrane
Water moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration
When the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than inside the cell, the solution outside the cell is HYPOTONIC to the cell. In this situation water diffuses INTO the cell until equilibrium is established.

52. When the concentrations are equal=ISOTONIC
Osmosis
If the solution outside the cell is higher than the inside the cell the solution is HYPERTONIC and the water diffuses out of the cell to reach equilibrium
When the concentrations are equal=ISOTONIC

55. Osmosis Video Clip
How Osmosis Works 1”41

56. Diffusion with a Baggie
Biology Corner

57. Crossing the Cell Membrane Graph Activity
p.188, whole class

58. Active Transport
When cells need to transport materials from an area of low concentration to high concentration (the opposite of what would naturally happen) it is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT, the cell needs to use ENERGY.
Wire Strainer w/ fruit and juice example

59. Endocytosis
The process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles.

60. Exocytosis
Process by which a substance is released from a cell

61. Endo and Exo video clip
Under 2 min, youtube