1. 4.2 Organelles

2. Cell Boundaries Plasma (Cell) Membrane Function: Surrounds cell
Allows specific things things in and out (homeostasis)
Fact:
Selectively permeable – allows water and nutrients to in, waste out
Made of phospholipids
Found in:
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

3. Cell Boundaries 2. Cell wall 1. Cell membrane Cell Wall Function:
Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra support and protection
Fact:
Made of cellulose in plants
Found in:
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes (plants)
2. Cell wall
1. Cell membrane

4. Cell control Nucleus Nucleus Nucleus Function: Controls the organelles
Contains DNA – gives instructions for making proteins
Fact:
“Command center” or “brain” of the cell
Most prominent structure
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Nucleus

5. Cell control Chromatin Function:
Condense to form chromosomes in nucleus
Fact:
Strands of DNA that look like spaghetti
Found in:
Eukaryotes

6. Cell control Nucleolus Nucleolus Nucleolus Function: Makes ribosomes
Fact:
Found inside the nucleus
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Nucleolus

7. Cell control Ribosomes Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins Fact:
Made of RNA
Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Ribosomes

8. Cell control Nuclear Envelope/Membrane Function:
Controls what enters/exits the nucleus
Fact:
Surrounds the nucleus
Found in:
Eukaryotes

9. Cell Control Centrioles Function: Fact: Found in:
Involved in cell reproduction
Fact:
Made from microtubules
2 are paired at right angles
Found in:
Eukaryotes (animal cells)

10. Cell Assembly Cytoplasm Function: Suspends/holds organelles
Site of chemical reactions
Fact:
Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

11. Cell Assembly Round Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function:
Produces proteins
Fact:
Helps move molecules throughout the cell
Found in:
Eukaryotes

12. Cell Assembly Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function:
Produces lipids (steroids)
Detoxifies poisons
Fact:
Helps move molecules throughout the cell
Found in:
Eukaryotes

13. Cell Assembly Golgi Golgi Apparatus Function:
Processes, packs, and secretes proteins and lipids
Fact:
Works closely with ER
Flattened stack of membranes
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Golgi

14. Cell Assembly Vacuole Vacuole Function:
Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs
Fact:
Helps maintain homeostasis
Found in:
Eukaryotes (plants have a LARGE vacuole)
Vacuole

15. Cell Assembly Lysosome Lysosomes Function:
Uses enzymes to digest old organelles and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses)
Fact:
“Suicide sacs”
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Lysosome

16. Cell Assembly
Ever wonder how a tadpole gets rid of its tail and grows legs????
It’s lysosomes digest the cells in the tail, and these molecules are released to build different cells, like legs!

17. Energy Transformers Chloroplast Chloroplast Function:
Capture light and convert it to chemical energy during photosynthesis
Fact:
Glucose (sugar) is made
Found in:
Eukaryotes (plants)
Chloroplast

18. Energy Transformers Mitochondria Mitochondria Function:
Breaks down food into ATP energy during cellular respiration
Fact:
“Powerhouse” of the cell
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Mitochondria

19. Support & Locomotion Cytoskeleton Function:
Maintains the shape & supports the cell
Fact:
Made of microfilaments & microtubules
Found throughout the cytoplasm
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

20. Microtubules

21. Support & Locomotion Cilia Function: Movement of cells or fluids Fact:
Short hair-like fibers
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

22. Support & Locomotion Cilia Flagella Flagella Function:
Movement of cells
Fact:
Long hair-like fibers
Found in:
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Flagella

23. Levels of Organization
Organelles  CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan systemsOrganisms

24. Animal & Plant Comparison
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Have centrioles
No chloroplasts
No cell walls
Do not have centrioles
Have chloroplasts
Have cell walls