1. MIS BBA (Morn) & (Eve) 6th Semester Systems in the Organizations
(Systems from Functional Perspective)
From TPS to DSS
By: Farhan Mir

2. (Week 1)What are IS?
“An organized combination of people, hardware, software, networks and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminates information in the organization.” James O’Brien (1998).
IS theory is however extremely vast and various classification & definitions are available on MIS
IS Perspectives
Operational activities
Management support KM
Networking and e-activities

3. Transformation of Organizations
Flattening (Need for Agility)
Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches)
Flexibility
Location Independence (Globalization Pressures)
Low Transaction Cost
Empowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly)
Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging)
Overall Performance (Effectiveness)
Competitive Advantage

4. Major Types of Systems Executive Support Systems (ESS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) (KMS)
Office Automation Systems (OAS)
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

6. Different Kinds of Systems
Operational-Level Systems
Support operational managers by keeping track of elementary organizational activities and transactions
Systems answer routine questions and track the flow of transactions through the organization
i.e. – systems to record bank deposits
Or track the number of hrs worked each day

7. Transaction Processing Systems

8. TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Example in a University like us
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:
Admissions, grade records, course records
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
Registration system, student transcript system, curriculum class control system

9. Another Example (A Payroll System)
Hours worked
Payroll transaction processing
Payroll checks
Pay rate

10. A Symbolic Representation for a Payroll TPS

11. What happens to TPS data?
Managers need sophisticated reports to help them understand and analyze data.
created by a management information system
Management information system can be a synonym for the term “information system” or refer to a type of information system.
characterized by production of routine reports that managers use for structured and routine tasks

12. MIS
MIS is short for management information system or management information services, and pronounced as separate letters
MIS refers to a class of software that provides managers with tools for organizing and evaluating their department. Typically, MIS systems were written in COBOL and run on mainframes or minicomputers.
Within companies and large organizations, the department responsible for computer systems is sometimes called the MIS department. Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).

13. MIS (The Central Systems)
Marketing management
information
system
Manufacturing
management
Information
system
Common
databases
Financial
management
Information
system
Order
management
information
system
TPS

14. Office Automation
An office automation system “automates” or computerizes, routine office tasks.
word processing software
spreadsheet software
scheduling software
software

15. Can decisions be automated?
Information systems do not make decisions. The manager analyzes the data and reaches a decision.
An expert system, sometimes referred to as a “knowledge-based system”, is a computer system designed to analyze data and produce a recommendation or decision.
uses a set of facts or rules

16. A Model of ESS

17. Why Information Systems
Institute of Management Sciences
(A Mini Case)

18. Institute of Management Sciences
Current status is that
Number of Courses (Degrees) Increasing
Number of Students & Staff logically increasing too
Number of Admissions increasing
Number of Exams and Results Increasing
Other Pressures!!
HECS looking for standardization (Course Curriculums, Course Plans, Monitoring, Research at University (resources for researchers)
Public want information
Key Stakeholders (Administration, Employees, Instructors and students) need convenience

19. Institute of Management Sciences
All major processes are information based
Clear need for systematic approach (Here comes the role of Information Systems)
And we are on our way towards that (Admission system, Exam system, Monitoring system, Website)

20. Transformation of Organizations
Flattening (Need for Agility)
Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches)
Flexibility
Location Independence (Globalization Pressures)
Low Transaction Cost
Empowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly)
Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging)
Overall Performance (Effectiveness)
Competitive Advantage

21. Systems from a Functional Perspective
IS can be classified by the specific organizational function they serve as well as by organizational level as follows:
Sales and marketing systems
Manufacturing and production systems
Finance and accounting systems
Human resources systems

22. Typical Applications - MIS with TPS

23. An Inventory System

24. Examples of Finance & Accounting IS

25. Examples of Human Resources IS

26. An Employee Record Keeping System

27. THE ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT
Information System Specialists:
CIO Managers System Analysts System Developers Programmers Network Specialists Database Administrator
Clerical (Operators)
IT Infrastructure:
Hardware
Software
Data
Networks

28. IS Personnel Operators System Analysts Programmers
Data Entry
Computer Operators (Hardware Specialists)
System Analysts
Most Crucial IS job
Whether you are developing In-house or using a purchased application or Outsourcing
Programmers
Technical People (Technical construction of the IS)
Developers
Database Administrators
CIO
Other roles are also coming in organizations (IS Security Officers, Information Policy Makers, Webmasters)

29. IS Planning Technology Professionals Issues & Recommendations
New/Hottest Technology (Costly) or
Older/ Traditional Technology (Cheap) or
Combination of both strategies
Professionals
Training Vs. Hiring
Cost the key issue
Issues & Recommendations
Reliability in traditional technologies Vs. benefits with new ones (New cycles of training & updation required to keep up with pace and to avoid failures associated with new technologies)
In-depth Analysis the way to avoid failures
Project Management a systematic way

30. References
Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). “Management Information Systems: Action & Strategy”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 2 & 4
James O’Brien. (1998). “Introduction to Information Systems: A Networked Enterprise Perspective”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 10,12
Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon (2011). “Management Information Systems: Managing a Digital Firm”.(7th Ed). Chapter 3
Grover S. Kearns (1997). Alignment of Information Systems Plans with Business Plans: (