1. ESTABLISHING A CARBON BASELINE FOR THE CITY OF MADISON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS Report to the City of Madison Sustainable Design and Energy Committee Madison, Wisconsin - April 19, 2010 UW-Madison Energy Analysis and Policy Capstone Group 2010

2. Overview  Introduction  Why Conduct a GHG Emissions Baseline?  Background on ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability & Tools  Using the CACP Software  Results  Going Forward  Questions 2

3. Establishing a Baseline: Benefits to the City of Madison  Create a cost effective GHG reduction strategy  Set achievable targets  Environmental leadership  Voluntary GHG reporting may be accepted by state and federal regulators in the future 3

4. ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability  International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives  Leading sustainability organization in the world  founded in 1990  Over 1,000 members  600 in the U.S.  78 in the Midwest  Madison became a member in 2006 4

5. Five “Milestones” to Reduce Emissions 1. Conduct a baseline greenhouse gas emissions inventory and forecast 2. Adopt an emissions reduction target 3. Secure approval of a local climate action plan 4. Implement the plans, policies and measures 5. Monitor progress, report results and re-evaluate the plan  Madison is currently at Milestone 1  About 1/3 of US ICLEI Member cities have completed the first milestone 5

6. The Tool: Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP)  Developed between ICLEI and multiple stakeholders  Modeled off of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard  developed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and the World Resources Institute  Designed to provide a standardized set of guidelines specific to local governments Reductions in emissions are reported by comparing emissions over time, accuracy and standardization is key

7. Software & Standards  ICLEI created CACP software for local governments to perform GHG inventories  Software follows LGOP standards for methodology 7

8. Greenhouse Gases  Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )  Methane (CH 4 )  Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O)  Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)  Perflorocarbons (PFCs)  Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF 6 )  Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO 2 e)  CH 4  21 times more potent than CO 2  N 2 O  310 times more potent than CO 2 8

9. Setting City Operations Boundaries  Accounting for GHGs for city owned facilities (not county/state/private)  The city does not own and operate:  Dane Co. Airport  Dane Co. or any other landfill  Any Power Plants or Ports  If the state/county perform GHG inventory, the city should work w/ them to avoid double-counting & non-counting 9

10. Emission Scopes  Scope 1: Direct emissions:  Vehicle engine combustion  On-site NG combustion for heat  Refrigerants  Scope 2: Indirect emissions:  Off-site electricity production  Off-site heat or steam  Scope 3: Other indirect emissions:  Employee commute, waste prod., contracted services, etc. 10

11. Government Sectors  Buildings and other facilities (elect. & NG)  Streetlights and traffic signals (elect.)  Vehicle fleet (employees at work)  Employee commute  Transit fleet (Madison Metro Buses)  Water delivery facilities  Solid waste facilities  Maintenance of Closed Landfills  Employee Waste  Refrigerants (not included in this study)  Not applicable: power generation facilities, port facilities, airport facilities, other processes 11

12. Methodology  Local government emissions Vs. community emissions  2007 base year  Electricity Emission factors  EPA’s eGrid coefficient set CO2, N2O and CH4  North American Reliability Corporation (NERC) NOx, SOx, CO, VOC and PM10 12

13. Source: USEPA - Green Power Partnership EPA eGRID Subregions 13

14. 2005 Emission coefficients used for baseline NERC Regions For Emissions Inventory: Pre 2006 14

15. Data Collection  City Engineering  Buildings & Facilities Sector  Streetlights & Traffic Signals  Waste Delivery Facilities  Wastewater Facilities  Solid Waste Facilities  Fleet Services  Vehicle Fleet  Employee Survey  Employee Commute  Finance Department  Transit Fleet 15

16. Preliminary Results 16

17. City Operations Total Energy Use  Electricity: 41,984,536 kWh  Natural Gas: 1,240,116 therms  Gasoline: 704,479 gal  Diesel: 1,996,963 gal  702,325 MMBtu  121,090 Barrels of Oil  Total Emissions: 94,723 tons CO 2 e 17

18. Total Emissions: 94,723 tons CO 2 e GHG Emissions by Sector 18

19. Share of GHG Emissions by Sector 19

20. Various: City and County Building & Madison Municipal Building Facilities Emissions By Agency 20

21. 4 agencies account for almost 85% of all vehicle GHG emissions Vehicle Fleet Emissions by Agency 21

22. Recommendations  Create baseline for city of Madison  Identify next reporting year  Identify process by which reporting will be done in the future  Work with reporting systems to generate reports that can easily be transferred into the CACP software  Begin tracking missing information 22

23. Questions? 23

24. Summary Table by Sector CO2 (tons) N2O (lbs) CH4 (lbs) CO2 Equiv (tons) CO2 Equiv (%) Energy (MMBtu) Cost ($) Buildings and Facilities33,3139651,74433,48135.3186,5973,605,408 Water Delivery Facilities21,37370068321,48922.782,9042,329,753 Transit Fleet14,809949714,82515.7183,6983,199,043 Vehicle Fleet11,37151898211,46212.1142,4662,665,828 Streetlights & Traffic Signs9,1302396189,1739.762,9861,145,835 Employee Commute3,0081901353,0393.238,502918,666 Solid Waste Facilities79812358000.83,49259,942 Wastewater Facilities45115144540.51,68048,821 Total94,2552,7324,30894,723100702,32513,973,296 24

25. Emissions By Source CO2 (tons)N2O (lbs)CH4 (lbs) CO2 Equiv (tons) CO2 Equiv (%) Energy (MMBtu) Cost ($) Electricity57,4951,9031,72957,80861213,9076,217,345 Diesel16,7399910416,75517.7207,5883,632,065 Natural Gas7,238271,3647,2577.7123,752972,414 Gasoline6,7824133676,8507.286,8071,864,800 OFF ROAD Diesel5,5952877355,647669,3421,266,337 Carbon Dioxide33300 0.400 OFF ROAD Gasoline7348 0.192920,336 Total94,2552,7324,30894,723100702,32513,973,296 25  “Carbon Dioxide” is estimated emissions from government employee solid waste

26. Facilities Emissions Summary CO2 (tons)N2O (lbs)CH4 (lbs)CO2 Equiv. (tons)CO2 Equiv (%) Energy (MMBtu) Cost ($) Various8,1382145418,1778.655,325677,539 Monona Terrace5,9381971795,9716.322,093642,157 Overture4,2451371454,2684.517,248467,019 Transit3,029981043,0453.212,325333,292 Library2,923891282,9393.114,245334,539 Parks2,629701722,6422.817,600327,031 Streets1,969451711,9772.116,729264,285 Fire1,594371341,6011.713,226212,231 Police1,14131741,1461.27,555141,463 Golf61519256180.72,84369,526 Engineering47210444740.54,24064,604 Public Works36010193610.42,00142,506 Comm&Econ Dev236792370.31,07426,579 Traffic Engineering2411250912,639 Total33,3139651,74433,48135.3186,5973,605,408 26

27. Vehicle Emissions Summary CO2 (tons)N2O (lbs)CH4 (lbs)CO2 Equiv. (tons)CO2 Equiv (%) Energy (MMBtu) Cost ($) Streets5,0242235125,0645.362,3581,132,878 MPD2,133901282,1482.327,296534,620 Parks1,541781611,5551.619,303371,837 Fire88638668920.911,015207,275 Engineering68919336920.78,597158,389 Traffic Engineering26216192650.33,30261,529 Schools2338212350.22,89852,843 Fleet Service12812101290.11,62830,893 CDA Housing12114111240.11,55029,613 Parking Utility103551040.11,30924,572 Police9936 0.11,26324,176 Building Inspection5343540.167912,946 Health452246058111,001 County Animal Control1921 02374,524 Water Utility13111401723,506 Library71180951,782 Overture70070841,603 Madison City Channel60060731,367 IT2002025473 Total11,37151898211,46212.1142,4662,665,828 27

28. 719,896 Tons CO 2 e Washington D.C. Emissions by Sector ‘06 28

29. 99.8% Wind MG&E’s GPT Renewable Energy Mix: 2009 29

30. Source: MG&E GPT e-brochure MG&E’s non-GPT Renewable Energy Mix: 2009 30

31. 12% Renewable Mix MG&E’s Energy Mix Based on Sales: 2009 31