1. © OECD A joint initiative of the OECD and the European Union, principally financed by the EU STATE BUDGET IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN ITS RELATIONS TO THE EU Bohdan Hejduk Czech Ministry of Finance 1 Seminar on Budget and EU Funds Skopje, 14-15 May 2007

2. 2  A. The Public Sector  B. Preparation for the EU accession  C. Relations of the Czech Republic to the EU budget

3. 3 A. The Public Sector of the Czech Republic  The Budget System  Two Fiscal Statistical Systems  The Public Finance Reform

4. 4 The Budget system - Legal Framework  The budget process of the central government (the state budget and extra-budgetary state funds) is set by the Act on Budgetary Rules in addition to the special acts on extra- budgetary state funds.  State Agricultural Intervention Fund, State Cultural Fund, State Fund for the Support and Development of the Czech Cinematography, State Fund of Transport Infrastructure, State Environmental Fund, State Fund for Housing Development, Estate Fund of the Czech Republic

5. 5 The Schedule of the Budget Process  The schedule of the budget process starts in February and finishes at the end of the year and is obligatory according to the Act on Budgetary Rules.  The state budget act and medium-term expenditure frameworks for years n, n+1,n+2 as well as the limits of expenditures and revenues for the chapters` (e.g.line ministries ) budgets are approved annually.  The draft state budget, medium- term expenditure frameworks and limits of expenditures and revenues for the chapters` budgets are drawn up by the Ministry of Finance followed by the approval of the government and the House of Deputies.

6. 6 Medium-term expenditure frameworks  The medium-term expenditure frameworks for years n, n+1, n+2 were included into the Act on Budgetary Rules in connection with the decreasing of the general government deficit and fulfilment of the commitments towards the EU.  The medium-term expenditure frameworks involve : state budget expenditures, extra-budgetary state funds.

7. 7 The Budget Process The budget process has four main phases:  Formulation of the draft state budget and medium- term expenditure frameworks for years n, n+1, n+2 by the Ministry of Finance  Government`s approval  Parliamentary scrutiny  Implementation

8. 8 Two Fiscal Statistical Systems  There are two fiscal statistical systems monitoring the general government/ public budgets from the different points of view :  The European System of National and Regional Accounts ESA 95 (accrual-based)  National Methodology –Fiscal Targeting (cash- based)

9. 9 Comparison I  The Fiscal Targeting includes just so-called public budgets involving the central, regional and municipal governments as well as regional councils of cohesion regions.  The ESA 95 covers the entire Government sector, in other words, public health insurance companies, government agencies, subsidiaries, funds, state universities and other set allowance organizations.

10. 10 Comparison II  In accrual system (ESA 95), recognition occurs with the exchange of liabilities and /or assets, which is usually before the cash flow and closer to actual economic impact of the transaction.  In contrast, the cash basis (Fiscal Targeting ), which is used in most traditional budget systems, records outlays and receipts only when they involve cash transactions.

11. 11 The Public Finance State – The General Government Deficit The public finance state remains steadily deficit

12. 12 The Proposed Public Finance Reform  The Proposed Public Finance Reform follows the government`s objectives in its programme declaration. 1. to reverse the unfavourable development of public finances, especially in the area of mandatory expenditures (pensions, social benefits) 2. to reduce the general government deficit 3. to halt government debt growth 4. to reduce unemployment and the tax burden 5. to reduce the level of corruption and regulation

13. 13 Ratio of state budget, extra-budgetary state funds, and public budget balances to GDP in % indicator 2007200820092010 GDP in curr. pr. in mld (bil) CZK 3 4423 7184 0194 340 Ratio of state budget balance to GDP in % -2,5-3-2,8-2,3 Ratio of extra- budgetary state funds balance to GDP in % -0,2-0,10 Ratio of other units of public budget balance to GDP in % -0,5-0,7 Ratio of public budget balance to GDP in %(without reform) -4-3,9-3,7-3 Objective according to the Government Programme Declaration -3-2,6-2,3

14. 14 B. Preparation for the EU accession  Formulation of the National Programme for the Preparation of the Czech Republic for Membership of the EU  National Development Plan  Creation of the Institutional, Administrative and Legal Backgrounds  State Aid  European Communities` own resources  Act on Budgetary Rules  The Changes in Budget Classification of revenues and expenditures  Usage of carryovers

15. 15 Formulation of the National Programme for the Preparation of the Czech Republic for Membership of the EU  In order to strengthen the pre-accession strategy and allow EU assistance to be channeled to meet the Czech Republic`s specific needs, The EU prepared an Accession Partnership document in 1998, which served as the basis for the National Programme for the Preparation of the Czech Republic for Membership of the EU, which was updated each year.  In 2002, the National Programme was replaced by a Summary of the remaining tasks of the Czech Republic for Accession to the European Union.  The Ministry of Finance was responsible for the chapter Financial Needs.

16. 16 The EC areas of interest  Information systems for the monitoring of the EU flows  Levies into the ECs` own resources  Possibilities of co-financing the EU projects and programmes

17. 17 National Development Plan  The CSF (Community Support Framework) for the Czech Rep. is based on the National Development Plan covering a strategy for economic and social cohesion, including a problem analysis for Prague.  The State Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance was involved in the preparation of the NDP for 2004-2006, mainly in overall outline concerning the financing of the operational programmes for the period in question and setting the limit for the additionality.

18. 18 Additionality  Additionality means that the funds of the European Community should not replace, but be an addition to national economic and social cohesion policy funds.  With respect to the principle of Additionality, the NDP included the level of public structural expenditures that the Czech Republic was to maintain during the programming period. An ex-ante verification provided a frame of reference for the whole programming period.

19. 19 Creation of the Institutional, Administrative and Legal Backgrounds The Czech Republic tried to create a wide and effective association of all the relevant bodies, according to national rules and practice :  To make the drawing on support from the EU`s Structural Funds as easy as possible.  To be able to manage the EU appropriations from the state budget`s and public budget`s points of view.  To provide necessary national appropriations for the co- financing and link them up with the EU appropriations including cutting down the national programmes

20. 20 State Aid  Producing an overview of state aid granted in the Czech Republic was a necessary prerequisite for ensuring transparency of state aid and its compatibility with the EU rules.  On the basis of the State Aid Act, the monitoring institution`s competencies were transferred from the Ministry of Finance to the Office for the Protection of Economic Competition effective 1 May,2000 because of conflict of interest concerning a double role of the Ministry of Finance.

21. 21 European Communities` own resources – where do they come from?  Own resources currently come from customs duties, agricultural levies, sugar contributions, a fixed-rate portion of value-added tax (VAT) receipts and a fixed-rate levy on gross national income (GNI).

22. 22 Own resources- institutional framework  Czech Statistical Office- the harmonisation of the GNP in relation to compiling of national accounts according ESA 95.  General Directorate of Customs- the administration of collection and remittance of customs duties and their tranfer to the EC account, and their statements in accord with the EC regulations.  State Agricultural Intervention Fund - the collection of sugar contributions.  Tax Department of the Ministry of Finance – the creating VAT assessment base and submitting the statement concerning the tax base to the EC.  National Fund Department- the whole system of own resources, payments according to VAT and GNI, communication with the EC, representative of the Czech Republic in ACOR meetings and work groups of the Council for the own resources.

23. 23 Own resources- simulation  On the basis of agreement with the EC, the Ministry of Finance submitted a simulation of own resources calculation for the Czech Republic to the EC as well as the government from 2001 until the accession 2004.

24. 24 Own resources-questionnaire  The EC made a questionnaire which provided the total list of administration terms for the area of own resources. The Ministry of Finace was supposed to fill in the questionnaire. It included the detailed description of the own resources system`s administration.

25. 25 Own resources – Additional tasks  Opening accounts of the EC on behalf of the ECs with the Czech National Bank in CZK and EUR for the transfers of own resources.  Regular evaluation reports about a progress in preparation for the levies to own resources for the EC.  Providing detailed written procedures concerning the administration of own resources in Czech Rep.  Regular inspections of EC on spot in the area of traditional own resources (customs duties, sugar contributions).  Inspections of the system of own resources and their levies carried out by the MoF and SAO.  The system of collection of own resources will be subjected to the internal audit of the Ministry of Finance.

26. 26 Act on Budgetary Rules  In 2004 amendment to Act on Budgetary Rules enabled harmonisation of Czech and European legal framework in the area of the state budget:  Financing of the programmes and projects co-financed from the EU budget through the NF and accepting other appropriations from the EU provided that they flow through the state budget.  Own resources after the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union.

27. 27 The amendment resulted from the following preconditions:  NF is responsible only for the appropriations for the programmes and projects co-financed from the EU budget (Structural funds and Cohesion fund).  Originally the EU appropriations should flow through the state budget in case the beneficiaries were either state`s organizational units or state allowance organizations. Later, this rule was changed.  The contribution of the state budget on the EU programmes is set as a binding indicator of a chapter in question.

28. 28  Own resources are considered as expenditures of the state budget.  The chapters` administrators are in charge of financing of the EU programmes for the whole time of financing of the programmes.  Technical and administrative procedures had to be adjusted in relation to the implementation of the ECs`regulations and in the area of own resources.

29. 29  The customs duties were credited to the account out of the state budget. The state budget gets only the Customs Administration costs.  A special account named EC was opened with the Czech National Bank.

30. 30 The Changes in Budget Classification of revenues and expenditures 1.Pre-accession stage Items for:  International institutions` appropriations revenue,  Transfers to supranational bodies (non-capital tranfers, recovery of the unjustifiably used the EU appropriations),  Tranfers of the NF and from the NF.

31. 31 2.Accession to the EU (2004)  The Czech Rep. share of selected customs duties and sugar contributions (the total collection of sugar contributions has been divided between the EU and Czech Rep. since 2007).  The EU appropriations revenue (capital, non- capital subsidies, compensations).  Tranfers to the EU ( levies to own resources according to VAT and GNI).

32. 32 Usage of carryovers  The state`s organizational units have been allowed to carry over the saved appropriations in unlimited amounts into reserve funds at the end of the year and use them in the following years according to the stated purpose since 2004: The appropriations for 1.Financing of projects or programmes co-funded from the EU budget, 2.Financing domestic investment programmes, 3.EU funds outside investment programmes, 4.Social benefits, 5.Events insured against damage, 6. Other expenditures.

33. 33 Problems and solutions Problems:  Rapid increase of the amount of carryovers in reserve funds since 2004. Total amount in bil CZK Programmes and the EU funds in bil CZK 20037,1- 200432,27,0 200558,021,2 200668,834,9

34. 34  Instability of budgeting.  Different results in comparison with the ESA 95. Solutions:  Adjustment of Budgetary Rules – only carryovers of claims for exceeding the budgetary expenditures in the following years, not part of cash expenditures.  Government`s power to regulate carryovers.

35. 35 C. Relations of the Czech Republic to the EU  The Net Position in relation to the EU budget in 2006  The Development of the Net Position in relation to the EU budget within 2004-2006  The Development of the EU appropriations share of total revenues and expenditures of the state budget within 2004-2006  State Budget and financial flows in relation to the EU budget

36. 36 The net position in relation to the EU budget in 2006 2006 mil EURmil CZK Pre-accession aid90,42 568,10 Agriculture503,514 251,00 Structural actions468,313 300,30 Internal actions52,11 480,80 Compensations201,15 710,20 Total revenues from the EU budget1316,237 310,30 Payments to the EU budget Traditional own resources1494 233 VAT resource173,74 934 GNI resource667,518 958 Reserves Correction UK80,22 277 Total payments1 070,5030 402,30 Net budgetary position in relation to the EU budget245,76 908,00

37. 37 The dev. of the net position in relation to the EU bud. 2004-2006 2004200520062004-2006 mil EURmil CZKmil EURmil CZKmil EURmil CZKmil EURmil CZK Pre-accession aid157,14 960,0072,22 309,8090,42 568,10319,79 837,80 Agriculture90,82 813,70398,112 739,30503,514 251,00992,329 804,00 Structural actions193,46 190,10212,16 788,50468,313 300,30873,926 278,80 Internal actions26,9860,8059,51 904,3052,11 480,80138,64 245,90 Compensations332,310 466,503008 940,00201,15 710,20834,225 116,70 Total revenues from the EU budget800,425 291,001 041,9032 681,801 316,2037 310,303 158,6095 283,20 Payments to the EU budget Traditional own resources58,91 910,10136,74 373,701494 233,00344,710 516,80 VAT resource78,62 548,80140,94 507,80173,74 934,20393,311 990,80 GNI resource365,111 833,90607,119 426,40667,518 958,401639,850 218,60 Reserves131,401,237,00 2,168,40 Correction UK50,61 639,0073,72 359,0080,22 276,80204,56 274,80 Total payments554,217 963,20959,530 703,901 070,5030 402,302 584,2079 069,40 Net budgetary position in relation to the EU budget246,27 327,9082,41 977,90245,76 908,00574,416 213,80

38. 38 The Development of the EU funds share of total revenues and expenditures of the state budget within 2004-2007

39. 39 State Budget and financial flows in relation to the EU budget  The ECs` own resources are funded from the state budget (except for customs duties).  The appropriations of the CAP are integrated into the state budget.  The SFs and CF appropriations originally flew through the state budget only for the state`s organizational units and state allowance organizations. The rule has been applied for all of the beneficiaries since 2007.  Pre-accession instruments appropriations go only through the NF.

40. 40 Thank you for your attention. Bohdan.Hejduk@mfcr.cz