1. Chromatid (97) – The identical rods of chromatin in chromosomes. Chromatin (62) – Thin strands of DNA in the nucleus that contain genetic material that directs the cell’s functions.

2. DNA NOTES CREATURE DUE PASS BACK TEST 1. DNA is part of our definition of a living organism. 2. DNA is found in all living things. 3. DNA is the “blueprint” of life. 11/12/13…. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

3. FINISH DNA NOTES DNA VOCABULARY DNA PROJECT ASSIGNED DUE: 12/3 GO OVER TEST PASS BACK GRADED WORK Sugar + phosphate + base = nucleotide. The sides of the DNA ladder are made of sugars and phosphate atoms. A always pairs with T in DNA. C also pairs with G in DNA. 11/13/13…. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

4. DNA Notes Using page 131 in your book, complete the Discover Activity (write you answers on your DNA Notes). Answers: “Where are genes located?” “On chromosomes.” – – – / – / – – / / – / – – – / – – / – – –/ / – – –/ – –/ / /

5. DNA Notes Genes control protein production in cells. Proteins help determine the size, shape, color, and many other traits of an organism. A gene is a section of DNA that contains the information to code for one specific protein.

6. The structure of DNA is called a double helix. Backbone/Sides phosphate and sugars Bases/Rungs 4 different Nitrogen containing bases Adenine – A Thymine – T Guanine – G Cytosine - C

7. Adenine only pairs with Thymine Guanine only pairs with Cytosine The following is an example of a DNA code. Can you write the matching code? (Remember your pairs!) CGGTA GCCAT AATTCGCTCTCCAATAGGCTTCA TTAAGCGAGAGGTTATCCGAAGT

8. Today 11/14 Color the structure of DNA using Mrs. Woods’ Coloring guidelines Correctly build the structure of DNA Correctly say the word: De oxy ribo nucleic acid

9. Chromosome DNA Molecule Nitrogen Bases

10. Chromosome DNA Molecule Nitrogen Bases “This model—the double helix—with its biological implications ranks as the greatest contribution to biology since the work of Darwin and Mendel, something that is obvious enough from the fact that the acronym DNA and the image of the double helix are among the icons of late twentieth-century culture” (17-18, 1999). Collin Patterson

11. The Structure of DNA The Backbone & the Bases…..2.28.1953

12. DNA is the Blueprint of Life Genetic material is responsible for trait similarities and differences between all organisms. Nucleic Acids come in two major forms: RNA and DNA. This chemical found in all living things is the blueprint of life.

13. Mutations A mutation is any change in a gene or chromosome. A mutation in a body cell (somatic), such as a skin cell, will not be passed on to the offspring. A mutation in a sex cell can be passed on to an offspring.

14. Types of Mutations One or more base substitutions: Original sequence: ATTCGG Substitution: ATTAGG One or more bases are deleted: Original sequence: ATTCGG Deletion: ATTGG Chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. Too many chromosomes Not enough chromosomes

15. Effects of mutations A mutation is harmful if it reduces an organisms chance for survival or reproduction. Ex. Down Syndrome is caused by having 3 chromosomes instead of 2 in the 21 st pair. A mutation is helpful if it increases an organisms chance of survival or reproduction. Ex. Sickle-cell disease is caused by a codominant allele. If you get one allele, you are resistant to Malaria. Some mutations are neutral. Ex. Albinism, caused by a recessive allele, results in lighter skin and hair pigment.