1. Today, in English… Review the Art of Persuasion Apply content to sample SOL essays Due: Nothing Yet

2. Day 2 – 11/6 Copy the four phrases below into your journal, then use the word bank to correctly label each writer’s purpose. 1. _____________ to tell a story 2. _____________ to convince someone to do something 3. _____________ to explain/inform how to do something 4. _____________ to stir emotion and appeal to the reader’s 5 senses Power-Up! BANK: Descriptive Narrative Expository Persuasive Narrative Persuasive Expository Descriptive

3. The Art of Rhetorical Persuasion The basics of persuasion and argument essentials L.J. Palma© 2014 www.buildingperception.comwww.buildingperception.com

4. 3 forms of rhetoric, or ways to appeal to listeners, as defined by Greek philosopher Aristotle

5. Ethos  Definition: convincing the reader by establishing the credibility of the author  Example: You’re giving a speech on how bad the temperature fluctuation is in the classrooms. You appeal to ethos by stating that you are a student who sits in those classrooms for seven hours a day. Does the audience respect you? Trust you? Believe you are an authority on the subject?

6. Logos  Definition: persuading through the use of effective reasoning  Example: "The dropout rate for Hispanic males is the highest, 23%, while only 6% for whites. Hispanics males are more likely to drop out than white males.“ Does your message make sense? Is it based on facts, statistics, and evidence? Do you reason out your argument for the audience?

7. Pathos  Definition: persuading by appealing to the reader’s emotions  Example: A woman in favor of social welfare explains why: the look in a mother’s face when she cannot feed her children. What kind of feelings do your words evoke? What kind of reaction do you hope to get from your audience?

8. Shorthand Version  Ethos: the source's credibility, the speaker's/author's authority  Logos: the logic used to support a claim (induction and deduction); can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument.  Pathos: the emotional or motivational appeals; vivid language, emotional language and numerous sensory details.

9. Argument  Definition: when a writer creates a series of persuasive details to support his or her claim In an argument, an author tries to convince 1 others of his or her opinion. The argument is made up of claims 2 that support the author’s opinion. An author uses reasons and evidence to support the claims. o Reasons are statements that explain the claim. o Evidence are facts 3 that prove the claim. 1 make someone agree 2 statements of belief 3 things that can be proven

10. The argument is made up of claims 3 that support the author’s opinion. An author uses reasons and evidence to support the claims. o Reasons are statements that explain the claim. o Evidence are facts 4 that prove the claim. Author’s Argument Opinion: Kecoughtan High School should continue to allow junk food to be sold on campus. Reason: Banning the sale of junk food would not reduce the amount of junk food on campus. Explanation: If the school stops selling junk food, students will just bring it from home. Evidence: Our class conducted a school-wide survey, and 80% of students said they would pack junk food in their lunch, if it was not sold at school.

11. Claim  Definition: (opinion) the position a writer takes on an issue  Example: Kecoughtan High School should continue to allow junk food to be sold on campus.

12. Reasons  Definition: statements that explain why an author has a certain opinion  Example: Banning the sale of junk food would not reduce the amount of junk food on campus.

13. Evidence Definition: information authors use to support claim: facts, statistics, examples, opinions/quotes from expert  Example: If KHS banned the sale of junk food, students would simply bring junk food from home.

14. Statistics  Definition: a numerical fact or datum, especially one computed from a sample  Example: According to a survey, 80% of students said they would pack junk food in their lunch, if it was not sold at school

15. Credible  Definition: when a source is capable of being believed  Example: see Ethos

16. Generalization  Definition: broad statement about something  Example: All students would simply bring junk food from home to school.

17. Denotation  Definition: the dictionary definition of a word; exact meaning  Example: Obese means excessive storage and accumulation of body fat.

18. Connotation  Definition: the implied, emotional meaning of a word reflecting its use in a society or era  Example: Obese means huge, unhealthy, very negative

19. Loaded words  Definition: words that have emotional connotations like good, bad, beautiful, ugly  Example: From a social perspective, gluttony is bad.

20. Counterclaim  Definition: the opposing side of the argument  Example : Others believe that KHS should stop selling junk food because it promotes obesity among students.

21. Anchor Papers Let’s analyze some sample SOL persuasive essays like what you are required to write in 3.5 months. Underline with colors:  Blue: Claim/Opinion  Green: Reason  Red: Evidence

22. Anchor A-12  What is the author’s claim?  What is the author’s first reason?  What evidence does the author give for the first reason?

23. Anchor A-12  What is the author’s second reason?  What evidence does the author give for the second reason?

24. Anchor A-12  What is the author’s third reason?  What evidence does the author give for the third reason  What is the counterclaim?

25. Today, in English… Review the Art of Persuasion Apply content to sample SOL essays HW: Nothing Yet