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Education, Equality, and National Citizenship Goodwin Liu Boalt Hall School of Law MSRI: “Raising the Floor” May 8, 2006.

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Presentation on theme: "Education, Equality, and National Citizenship Goodwin Liu Boalt Hall School of Law MSRI: “Raising the Floor” May 8, 2006."— Presentation transcript:

1 Education, Equality, and National Citizenship Goodwin Liu Boalt Hall School of Law MSRI: “Raising the Floor” May 8, 2006

2 Current expenditures per pupil, 2001-02 7,380Georgia 7,434California 7,496Virginia 7,642Oregon 7,734Indiana 7,736Minnesota 7,741Nebraska 7,844West Virginia 7,935New Hampshire 7,956Illinois 8,069Ohio 8,537Pennsylvania 8,634Wisconsin 8,645Wyoming 8,653Michigan 8,692Maryland 8,818Maine 9,284Delaware 9,563Alaska 9,703Rhode Island 9,806Vermont 10,232Massachusetts 10,577Connecticut 11,218New York 11,793New Jersey 4,900Utah 5,354Mississippi 5,959Tennessee 5,964Arizona 6,011Idaho 6,029Alabama 6,079Nevada 6,213Florida 6,229Oklahoma 6,276Arkansas 6,424South Dakota 6,501North Carolina 6,523Kentucky 6,567Louisiana 6,709North Dakota 6,771Texas 6,882New Mexico 6,941Colorado 7,017South Carolina 7,039Washington 7,062Montana 7,135Missouri 7,306Hawaii 7,338Iowa 7,339Kansas 6,588Oregon 6,630Virginia 6,696North Dakota 6,703New Hampshire 6,762Georgia 6,868Minnesota 6,986Ohio 7,038West Virginia 7,059Kansas 7,079Indiana 7,126Iowa 7,129Pennsylvania 7,158Rhode Island 7,282Michigan 7,440Nebraska 7,442Maryland 7,475Massachusetts 7,674Maine 7,731Wisconsin 7,808Delaware 8,029Connecticut 8,087Wyoming 8,268New York 8,481Vermont 8,697New Jersey 4,505Utah 4,982Arizona 5,010Mississippi 5,338Florida 5,414Tennessee 5,423Nevada 5,463California 5,564Alabama 5,589Idaho 5,647Oklahoma 5,813New Mexico 5,819Washington 5,852Texas 5,866North Carolina 5,945Louisiana 5,973Arkansas 6,091Colorado 6,122Kentucky 6,271Hawaii 6,334Missouri 6,387South Carolina 6,459Montana 6,474South Dakota 6,474Alaska 6,479Illinois NOMINAL ADJUSTED

3 Cost-adjusted spending per weighted pupil, 2001-02 10th to 50th percentile districts

4 Cost-adjusted spending per weighted pupil, 2001-02 50th to 90th percentile districts * * * *

5 Cost-adjusted spending per weighted pupil, 2001-02 10th to 90th percentile districts

6 K-12 student demographics, 2001-02 (percentages) 17.227.316.249.313.4 12.49.416.270.23.9 16.317.0 60.18.3 Bottom third Top third United States PoorHispanicBlackWhiteLEP

7 Percent “proficient” on NAEP 4th Grade Math, 2005 Percent “proficient” on state test

8 Percent “proficient” on NAEP 8th Grade Math, 2005 Percent “proficient” on state test

9 Percent “proficient” on NAEP 4th Grade Reading, 2005 Percent “proficient” on state test

10 Percent “proficient” on NAEP 8th Grade Reading, 2005 Percent “proficient” on state test

11 Measure of fiscal capacity Correlation with state revenue per pupil, 2001-02 0.390.50 Effort 0.560.64 Capacity Adjusted TTR SPI 0.350.48 Effort 0.700.78 Capacity Nominal

12 102 103 105 106 108 112 113 117 118 121 125 126 134 137 140 147 149 157 196 208 239 % U.S. avg 74 76 78 83 84 86 88 89 91 93 94 95 97 99 100 101 % U.S. avg 1,299 1,320 1,339 1,341 1,359 1,382 1,433 1,442 1,492 1,496 1,512 1,513 1,515 1,550 1,595 1,612 1,715 1,747 1,790 1,886 1,910 2,010 2,508 2,666 3,060 Adjusted 944 971 995 1,060 1,074 1,101 1,102 1,106 1,120 1,124 1,130 1,133 1,160 1,166 1,186 1,200 1,205 1,208 1,211 1,235 1,236 1,269 1,281 1,297 Adjusted Title I aid per eligible child, 2003

13 $104,042,162111,985Oklahoma $185,806,221109,965Massachusetts $176,895,046193,358North Carolina $358,607,664200,757Michigan Title I aid# poor children (2003)

14 Section 1 All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Fourteenth Amendment

15 Section 1 All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Fourteenth Amendment

16 Section 1 All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Fourteenth Amendment Section 5 The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

17 Policy recommendations  National standards  Federal school finance reform Fix Title I National foundation plan Minimum state effort Federal aid inversely proportional to state capacity

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