1. Chapter 8 Section 2 & 3 Objective

3. 1. Kansas Nebraska Act 2. National Colonizing Act 3. Calhoun’s Resolution 4. Fugitive Slave Act

4.  Connection of West Coast to rest of country  Southerners preferred Southern route  Geography required passage through Northern Mexico (we did not own this yet!)  The Gadsden Purchase  1853 Mexico sold this area to US for $10 million  Part of southern New Mexico and Arizona  Purpose- proposed site for southern route for transcontinental railroad.  Connection of West Coast to rest of country  Southerners preferred Southern route  Geography required passage through Northern Mexico (we did not own this yet!)  The Gadsden Purchase  1853 Mexico sold this area to US for $10 million  Part of southern New Mexico and Arizona  Purpose- proposed site for southern route for transcontinental railroad.

6.  Stephen Douglas & Northerners wanted the first transcontinental railroad to start in Chicago  Douglas prepared a bill to organize territory called Nebraska  Southerners knew that slave owners would not move there-- blocked it – wanted the Missouri Compromise repealed  Stephen Douglas & Northerners wanted the first transcontinental railroad to start in Chicago  Douglas prepared a bill to organize territory called Nebraska  Southerners knew that slave owners would not move there-- blocked it – wanted the Missouri Compromise repealed

7.  Creation of Nebraska to the north  Creation of Kansas to the south  To appease Southerners, Douglas proposed to undo the 1820 Missouri Compromise (allow slavery through “popular sovereignty”)  Gave the impression that Nebraska would be a free state and Kansas a slave state  May 1854

9.  Popular Sovereignty- allowed in Kansas-Nebraska  Northern and Southern settlers rushed into Kansas trying to create a majority for each side  Northerners got aid from abolitionists to move  Southern Missourians ‘snuck’ into the territory and voted illegally electing a proslavery legislature  Anti-slavery supporters created their own government  LeCompton Constitution – Pro-slavery constitution creating their own government – supported by Pierce  Anti-slavery forces met in Topeka=banned slavery  Popular Sovereignty- allowed in Kansas-Nebraska  Northern and Southern settlers rushed into Kansas trying to create a majority for each side  Northerners got aid from abolitionists to move  Southern Missourians ‘snuck’ into the territory and voted illegally electing a proslavery legislature  Anti-slavery supporters created their own government  LeCompton Constitution – Pro-slavery constitution creating their own government – supported by Pierce  Anti-slavery forces met in Topeka=banned slavery

10.  The Kansas-Nebraska Act split the Whig Party in two (Conscience Whigs v. Cotton Whigs)  Former Whig members, Free Soil Party, and anti-slavery Democrats joined together in 1854 Congressional Elections= The Republican Party.  Feared the power of southern planter class  Slavery should be kept out of the territories

11.  Charles Sumner (Mass.) – abolitionist  Singled out and accused Senator Andrew Butler of SC.  Representative Preston Brooks approached Sumner and beat him  Southerners supported Brooks  Northerners were appalled at the barbarism  Charles Sumner (Mass.) – abolitionist  Singled out and accused Senator Andrew Butler of SC.  Representative Preston Brooks approached Sumner and beat him  Southerners supported Brooks  Northerners were appalled at the barbarism

12.  Republican  A new party  former Northern Whigs, Free- Soiler’s & abolitionist Democrats  John Fremont  Anti-slavery  Know-Nothings  American Party  Nativists  Opposed Catholic immigration  Millard Fillmore  Democrat  James Buchanan  Did not vote on Kansas-Nebraska Act

13.  Dred Scott – enslaved man  Scott sued to end his slavery arguing the time he had spent in free territory meant he was free  Decision – Chief Justice Taney ruled against him  African Americans are not US citizens & therefore could not sue in the courts  Idea of free territory was unconstitutional & therefore Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional  Dred Scott – enslaved man  Scott sued to end his slavery arguing the time he had spent in free territory meant he was free  Decision – Chief Justice Taney ruled against him  African Americans are not US citizens & therefore could not sue in the courts  Idea of free territory was unconstitutional & therefore Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

14.  Abraham Lincoln  Republican choice for Senate  Not an abolitionist  Against spread of slavery  Abraham Lincoln  Republican choice for Senate  Not an abolitionist  Against spread of slavery  Stephen Douglas  Democrat incumbent  ‘The Little Giant’  Indirectly favored slavery  Stephen Douglas  Democrat incumbent  ‘The Little Giant’  Indirectly favored slavery

15.  During Lincoln-Douglas Debates- Lincoln asked Douglas “Suppose the people of a territory vote slavery down (Dred Scott decision said they could not) Who would win? The Court? Or the People?  Douglas’ statement favoring the Dred Scott ruling, but he argued people could still keep slavery out through laws & regulations  Douglas won the Illinois Senate election  Freeport Doctrine-will assure that he can’t win the presidency! (angered Southerners)

16.  John Brown – abolitionist  Potawatomie Massacre (1856)  Raid on Harper’s Ferry, WV - 1859  Seized a federal arsenal  Tried to Arm slaves & began an insurrection  Robert E. Lee – led Marines who put down the raid; Brown placed on trial for treason.  Brown was hung & became a martyr  South distrusted North even more  Northerners strengthened abolitionism  John Brown – abolitionist  Potawatomie Massacre (1856)  Raid on Harper’s Ferry, WV - 1859  Seized a federal arsenal  Tried to Arm slaves & began an insurrection  Robert E. Lee – led Marines who put down the raid; Brown placed on trial for treason.  Brown was hung & became a martyr  South distrusted North even more  Northerners strengthened abolitionism

17.  Chapter 8 Section 3

18.  Southern Democrat  John C. Breckenridge  Support Dred Scott decision  Endorsed federal slave code for territories  Southern Democrat  John C. Breckenridge  Support Dred Scott decision  Endorsed federal slave code for territories  Constitutional Union Party  Formed by former Whigs  John Bell  Upheld Constitution & the Union  Feared splitting of the union  Constitutional Union Party  Formed by former Whigs  John Bell  Upheld Constitution & the Union  Feared splitting of the union  Republican  Abraham Lincoln  Denounced John Brown  Reaffirmed right of southerners to maintain slavery within their borders  Supported Transcontinental RR, Homestead Act  Republican  Abraham Lincoln  Denounced John Brown  Reaffirmed right of southerners to maintain slavery within their borders  Supported Transcontinental RR, Homestead Act

19. 1. John Bell 2. John Breckenridge 3. Abraham Lincoln 4. None of the above

20. Lincoln’s name did Did not appear on the Ballots of 10 Southern States. Lincoln is a sectional President!

22.  South Carolina secedes first  Crittenden’s Compromise  Proposed Constitutional amendment protecting slavery where it existed & reestablished Missouri Compromise line to California Lincoln vetoed it!  Confederate States of America  Born February 8, 1861-SC --1 st secede from US  Jefferson Davis chosen as president of CSA  Lincoln takes office March 4, 1861-Inaugural Speech  Did not threaten the seceded states but intended to hold onto the federal property in those states  South Carolina secedes first  Crittenden’s Compromise  Proposed Constitutional amendment protecting slavery where it existed & reestablished Missouri Compromise line to California Lincoln vetoed it!  Confederate States of America  Born February 8, 1861-SC --1 st secede from US  Jefferson Davis chosen as president of CSA  Lincoln takes office March 4, 1861-Inaugural Speech  Did not threaten the seceded states but intended to hold onto the federal property in those states

23.  Federal Fort in South Carolina  Dilemma for Davis – attack the resupply shipment & start a war or allow your nation’s sovereignty to be breeched  Confederate leaders demand surrender of fort  General Anderson does not & undergoes a siege for 33 hours before surrendering the fort to the Confederates.  Federal Fort in South Carolina  Dilemma for Davis – attack the resupply shipment & start a war or allow your nation’s sovereignty to be breeched  Confederate leaders demand surrender of fort  General Anderson does not & undergoes a siege for 33 hours before surrendering the fort to the Confederates. Fort Sumter Falls (April 12, 1861)

24.  Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops  Upper South crisis  Confederacy moves its capital to Richmond, VA  Lincoln wanted to hold onto border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri  Lincoln declares martial law in Maryland & suspends rights of habeas corpus  Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops  Upper South crisis  Confederacy moves its capital to Richmond, VA  Lincoln wanted to hold onto border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri  Lincoln declares martial law in Maryland & suspends rights of habeas corpus

25. Missouri held by force of US troops Maryland –Lincoln suspends rights of citizens