1. SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter Three: Socialization This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin

2. Chapter 3:Socialization Look familiar? Or Chaos? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20072

3. Chapter 3:Socialization Isolation, how bad can it get? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20073

4. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20074  Nature vs. Nurture - Oscar and Jack  Workaholic v. leisurely  Feral Children  Victor “Wild Boy”  Isolated Children  Genie, Anna, Isabelle  Institutionalized Children  Skeels and Dye Study  Study of Orphanages  12 Control 13 Experimental  21 years later? 12 grade Average. 5 completed 1 or more years of college, 1 to graduate school, 11 married  All were self sufficiant What is Human Nature?

5. Chapter 3:Socialization Deprived Animals  Harry and Margret Harlow (1962)  Two artificial Mothers  One with wire frame and wooden head  One with no bottle but covered with soft terrycloth  What was the outcome?  Page 67 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20075

6. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20076 In Sum… Society Makes Us Human

7. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20077 Cooley and the Looking Glass Self  Remember Symbolic Interactionism?? He Influenced it Duh!  We Imagine How We Appear to Others  I’m Very Cool  We Interpret Others’ Reactions  Do you like me?  We Develop a Self-Concept  Positive and Negative  Take the Role of the other  Someone else's shoes  Significant Others – Parents, Siblings  When do we act out on these principles? Generalized Other Socialization into the Self and Mind

8. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20078 Mead and Role-Taking  Imitation Socialization into the Self and Mind

9. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20079 Mead and Role-Taking  Imitation  Play Socialization into the Self and Mind

10. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200710 Mead and Role-Taking  Imitation  Play  Games Socialization into the Self and Mind

11. Chapter 3:Socialization George Herbert Mead – 1863-1929  University of Chicago  Generalized Other – Integrated conception of our norms. “You get it!”  Example – being honest >> Significant others  Self Concept - Self is not a structure, it is a process. The I acts and the Me defends the self as reflective of others. The combination of the Me and the I.  “I” is the spontaneous, and active part.  “Me” is the socialized portion  The “I” is the first reaction  They are both in constant communication Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200711

12. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200712 Piaget and the Development of Reasoning Being human means having the ability to reason  Sensorimotor Stage – Birth to age two  Do I have toes?  Preoperational Stage –Two to age Seven  Count, Count what does that mean? Mountains  Concrete Operational Stage – Seven to Twelve  Can take roles and participate in games, But … Truth?  Formal Operational Stage – After age Twelve  Capable of abstract thinking  Slavery Example! How in our country? Socialization into the Self and Mind

13. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200713  Freud and the Development of Personality  Physician in Vienna Austria in the early 1900’s  Best known for what?  Personality has three elements 1) ID – Inborn Drives 2) EGO – The balancing force 3) Super EGO – Your Conscience, that voice we talked about.  The ID demands immediate self fulfillment for basic needs  The Super EGO represents the Culture Within Us  Kohlber and the Development of Morality  Gilligan and Gender Differences in Morality Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

14. Chapter 3:Socialization Work to outline the following people or Studies:  Kohlberg and Gilligan P. 72-73  Theory on development? Gender differences?  Paul Ekman P.73 Global and Expressing Emotions  Ifaluk P. 74  Colin Turnbull P. 74 The IK?  Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis  What did they find? P. 75-76 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200714

15. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200715  Global Emotions  Expressing Emotions  What We Feel  Research Needed  The Self and Emotions as Social Control - Society Within Us Socialization into Emotions

16. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200716  Colin Turnbull and the Ik  Passionless Society  Selfishness, Numbness, Lack of Concern  Only Good is Pursuit of Food  No School, No Church, No Family Down-to-Earth Sociology

17. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200717  The Self and Emotions as Social Control  Are We Free?  Expectations of Family and Friends  Social Mirror Society Within Us

18. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200718  Gender Messages in the Family  Goldberg and Lewis  Could be Biological?  Innate differences  Monkeys – cars and Dolls  Gender Messages from Peers  Wimpy  Milkie Study - Discovery as boys  Gender Messages in the Mass Media  Advertising Socialization into Gender 20,000 commercials a year G – Cooperative B – Aggressive G – Giggly B – Dominant  Unrealistic and inadequate leads to an array of products to get you there

19. Chapter 3:Socialization Socialization into Gender  Television – reinforces stereotypes of the sexes  Male characters outnumber females  Males usually portrayed in higher status position  Women's sports on television?  Cheerleaders though?  Trivialized and mocked  Kim Possible, Xena, Alias, Buffy the Vampire  More women are injured from being battered by men than by all rapes, muggings and automobile crashes combined. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200719

20. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200720  Religion  On any given Sunday 2 out of 5 Americans attend a religious service  Day Care  Children who spend more hours in day care have weaker bonds with their mothers  More likely to fight and to be cruel  Why might this be?  But…score higher on language tests  The School  Manifest Function - intended  Latent Function – unintended  Universality  Hidden and corridor curriculum Agents of Socialization

21. Chapter 3:Socialization Agents of Socialization  The Neighborhood  Common Sense tells us  Children from poor neighborhoods are more likely to get into trouble, become pregnant or drop out of school  Residents from more affluent neighborhoods watch out for each others kids  Poor neighborhoods don’t care about kids?  Less Transition in neighbors, so adults know children  Peer Groups  Influence of the family lessons as time goes on  Adler Study – Boys are made popular through athletics, coolness, and toughness. Girls are made popular through family background, physical appearance, and the ability to attract boys.  The standards dominate Copyriht © Allyn & Bacon 200721

22. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200722  Sports and Competitive Success  Not just physical skills learned but values  Justification for sports  Boys - Masculinity Girls – Meaningful Relationships  The Workplace  Gain a new perspective on life from coworkers  Anticipatory Socialization – learning to play a role before entering it  Get out before its to late! Student Teachers Agents of Socialization

23. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200723  Resocialization  Mild - New Boss  Intense - Alcoholics Anonymous  Degradation Ceremony – Prisoners – their verdict being read  Total Institutions - Boot Camp  Childhood - Birth to ~12 yrs  Adolescence - 13 to 17 yrs  Transitional Adulthood - 18 to 29 yrs Socialization Through Life

24. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200724

25. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200725 The Middle Years - 30 to 65 yrs  Early Middle Years - 30 to 49 yrs  Later Middle Years - 50 to 65 yrs Socialization Through Life

26. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200726 The Older Years ~65 yrs on  Early Older Years  Later Older Years Socialization Through Life

27. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200727  Does Not Merely Represent Biology  Social Factors Influence Life Course  Social Location Very Significant Sociological Significance of the Life Course

28. Chapter 3:Socialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200728  Sociologists Do Not Think So  Individuals Are Actively Involved in the Construction of the Self Are We Prisoners of Socialization?