1. The Heart of Japan’s Golden Age
Chapter 21 Heian-kyo
The Heart of Japan’s Golden Age

2. Agenda Hand back tests Introduce New Unit Key Vocabulary
Reading Chapter 21
Taking Notes: 2/3 Key Points
HW: Finish Reading and Note Taking

3. Key Vocabulary
Heian Period – Period of Japanese history that lasted from 794 to 1185 CE. During this period, they experienced a Golden Age.
Corruption – dishonest or illegal practice, especially involving money.
Heian-kyo (kyo means city) - New capital of Japan in 794 CE by Emperor Kammu. Located near Yoda River. It was the 2nd site after the building of capital city at Nagaoko was stopped. Easier to defend and lovelier than Nagaoko.
Fujiwara Family – Most important noble family in Japan. Never were actual rulers. Fujiwara Michinaga
Courtier – A member of a ruler’s court.
Kemari – Game played by courtiers. Involved kicking a leather ball back and forth in the air for as long as possible. Wore elegant robes.
Rango – Popular board game played by women. Involved balancing stones on one finger
Bugaku – Combined dance with music and drama. Mask worn.
Yamato-e – Japanese painting.
Imagery – descriptive or imaginative language, especially when used to inspire mental “picture.”
Katakana – Form of Kana. A more formal alphabet, mostly used by men.
Hiragama – Form of Kana. Easier and faster alphabet, mostly used by women.
Tale of Genji – Might be the world’s first novel, a masterpiece of Muraski Shikibu. Follows the love life of a fictional prince.
Noh Theater – a classic form of Japanese drama involving heroic themes, a chorus, and dance.

4. Let’s Get Activated
10 minutes
Work on your Nara Pamphlet

5. Agenda Activator Paper Doll Activity
ON A SHEET ATTACHED TO THE DOLL:
Reflect on the importance of the Japanese paper doll.
Be able to clearly explain all of the aspects of your paper doll as it pertains to Japanese culture. (Use book as a guide)
ONE PARAGRAPH (AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES)
HW: FINISH Pamphlet and Doll Projects Due TOMORROW
IW: Do Assessment 21 Assignment 9

6. Paper Doll Using all available resources
1. Cut out doll outline.
2. Fold available paper or color around doll outline. (Need to create a robe)
3. Cut out hair.
4. Decorate face and robe.
5. ON A SHEET ATTACHED TO THE DOLL:
Reflect on the importance of the Japanese paper doll.
Be able to clearly explain all of the aspects of your paper doll as it pertains to Japanese culture. (Use book as a guide)
ONE PARAGRAPH (AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES)
You will be graded on doll detail and accuracy

7. Let’s Get Activated Peer edit your partner’s rough draft.
Difference between Katakana and Hiragama?
Who were the Fujiwara Family

8. Agenda IW: Do Assessment 21 Assignment 9 Activator Tanka Poem
HW: FINISH Tanka Poem
IW: Do Assessment 21 Assignment 9

9. Tanka Poem Create one tanka poem that expresses your feelings about:
A favorite memory
Feeling right now
Feelings towards high school
Memory from middle school
You will need a picture to represent the poem (maybe as the background)

10. Let’s Get Activated Three important aspects of the Heian Period?
What is Noh Theater?

11. Agenda
Activator
Last Chance to hand in Dolls and Tanka Poems for full credit
Introduce new project and hand out rubric
Work on Scroll Project
HW: Work on Project over the weekend
Due Wednesday (You will get a little time on class Monday to work on it)

12. Scroll Project Planning Space
Use the template provided to design your own scroll painting to tell the tale of life for an aristocrat in Heian Japan. Provide detailed explanations of the Heian period and the unique Japanese cultural elements that were created. For each, include a picture that illustrates your ideas.
Include: (check off when completed)
____ Title (Ex. “The Tale of Genji”)
Social Position
____ Explanation
____ Picture
Beauty & Fashion
Entertainment
Sculpture & Painting
Writing & Literature
Planning Space

13. Agenda Go through PowerPoint (creating a study guide)
Remaining Time: Work on scrolls
HW: Scrolls due Wednesday

14. What’s a Golden Age?
In your own words- Write the definition for a golden age
How does your definition compare to the Golden Age period in China?

15. 21.1 Introduction
When:
Where: In 794, Emperor Kammu moved the capital from Nara to Heian-kyo (in Japanese “Kyo” means city)
What: During this time aristocrats led a great flourishing of Japanese cultures. Over time they developed new forms of literature and art, painters and sculptors develop new styles of art, and performers entertained the court with new kinds of music, dance, and drama.
This brilliant culture of the Heian period still influences Japan today.

16. 21.2 A New Capital
In 784, Kammu decided to move his capital away from Nara for two reasons: 1. he felt the priests’ power was damaging to the government. 2. the emperor also wanted a larger, grander capital city.
The first site Kammu chose was Nagaoka, about 30 miles from Nara.
In 794, the emperor again ordered the capital to be moved. This time Kammu chose a site on the Yodo River. This site was easier to protect from attacks. He called this city Heian- kyo “The capital of peace and Tranquility”

17. Heian-kyo
Heian-kyo became the first truly Japanese city. Today it is called Kyoto.
Like Nara, it was laid out in a checkerboard pattern like the Chinese city of Chang’an.
Heian-kyo’s crisscrossing streets were modeled after those of Chang’an, but the city’s architecture was Japanese.
In the center of the city were palaces and government offices.

18. Heian-kyo cont.
Simplicity was considered beautiful, so there were few objects on the wooden floors of people’s houses. Only straw mats and cushions. The Japanese did not use chairs.
Daily life was very formal, and correct manners were extremely important. Ex. A Heian lady sat behind a portable screen that hid her from view while she talked and took part in life around the house.

19. 21.3 The Rise of the Fujiwara Family
During much of the Heian period, aristocrats were the political and cultural leaders of Japan. By the mid-9th century, real power in the imperial court shifted from the emperor to the aristocratic families.
The most important of these noble families were the Fujiwara, who controlled Japan for nearly 300 years.
Although never actually rulers, the Japanese believed all emperors were decedent of the sun goddess, the Fujiwara had other ways of exercising their power.

20. Power of the Fujiwara (3 examples)
Example 1: In 858, the Fujiwara married many of their young daughters into the royal families
Example 2: The Fujiwara acted as advisors to the emperor
Example 3: Often coaxed older emperors to retire, so that child or youth could take the throne, they would rule as regents in the young emperor’s name.

21. Fujiwara Michinaga
The most successful Fujiwara leaders- who led Japan from
Never had an official role in the government, but is one of the best known people in Japanese history.
During his time in power, the Fujiwara family became even richer, they also built palaces, mansions, and temples.

22. Legacy of the Fujiwara
The Fujiwara family used their power to better their own lives. However, they also kept peace in Japan for nearly three centuries. This peace helped Japanese culture blossom during the Heian period.
Phoenix Hall – Michinaga’s son built after his fathers death.

23. 21.4- Social Position of the Heian Court
A person’s rank was determined almost completely by what family he or she came from.
Being born into a high-ranking family mattered more than personal qualities or skills.
There were nine main ranks in the Heian court hierarchy.

24. 21.4 Heian Rank System
The nine ranks were further divided into classes such as senior and junior, upper and lower. In all, there were some 30 sub ranks
Each rank brought with it specific privileges and detailed rules about conduct.
Members of each rank had different types of houses and carriages.
Rank also determined the number of servants people had and even the number of folds in the fans they carried.

25. Ranking System cont.
This precise ranking system also determined such matters as what color clothing a noble could wear, and the height of the gatepost in front of the family’s home.
In addition, if a person was found guilty of a crime, rank determined how harsh the sentence would be.

26. The Fans of Japan
Men of the first, second, and third ranks used fans with 25 folds
Men of the fourth, and fifth ranks used fans with 23 folds
The fans of the lower ranks had 12 folds.

27. 21.5 Beauty and Fashion During the Heian Period
Heian society prized beauty, elegance, and fashion.
To be described as yoki (good), people had to come from an important family and they also had to look nice, and be sensitive to beauty in nature, poetry, and art.
The ability to recognize beauty was valued over qualities like generosity and honesty.

28. Men vs. Women Men and women both groomed themselves with great care.
Small pointed beards were considered attractive on male members of a ruler’s court.
For women, long hair was an important beauty feature.

29. Fashion and Beauty cont.
The Japanese of this time considered white teeth to be unattractive, so both men and women blackened their teeth with a dye made from iron soaked in tea or vinegar.
How one smelled was also very significant, so both men and women wore scents.

30. Japanese Women
For women, makeup was also important. Women used white face powder to make themselves look very pale. Touches of red on her cheeks and lips. Also, women used to pluck out their eyebrows and paint on a set.
A woman’s clothing needed to be beautiful.
An aristocratic woman might wear as many as 12 silk under-robes at a time.

31. 21.6 Entertainment
Heian-kyo’s aristocrats had plenty of leisure time for sporting events, games, and contests.
Men enjoyed watching horse races, archery contents, and sumo wrestling.
Groups of courtiers played a game called kemari, where they kicked a leather ball back and forth, keeping it in the air for as long as possible. The game is played in elegant robes.

32. 21.6 Entertainment
Women played a game called Rango. The object was to balance as many stones as possible on one finger.
Dancing was an important skill for Heian- kyo’s nobles, since dance was part of nearly every festival.
Bagaku combined dance with music and drama. Dancers wore masks and acted out a simple story.

33. 21.7 Sculpture and Painting
Early Heian sculptors commonly made an entire work from one piece of wood.
An artist named Jocho, who worked for Fujiwara Michinaga, made perhaps the greatest masterpiece of Heian sculpture- the Amida Buddha.
It is said to be Japan’s second most photographed icon. Do you know the first?

34. 21.8 Writing and Literature
Writing was the most valued form of expression and poetry part of daily life.
Two forms of Kana:
Hiragama – faster and easier (women)
Katakana – more formal (men)
Women led the rise of literature during the Heian Period
Best known Heian writer was Murasaki Shikibu of the Fujiwara Family. She wrote the world’s first novel.
Famous works include the Tale of Genji (first novel) and the Pillow Book

35. 21.9 End of the Heian Period Heian Period = peace.
Aristocrats lived well, but most people were poor and lived in rural areas. This caused problems
People who owned estates did not have to pay taxes.
This caused a money shortage
When the emperor lost control, bandit attacks increased.
By the 12th century, local lords power equaled that of the weakened imperial government.
By 1180, civil war broke out in Japan
In 1185, Minamoto Yoritomo seized power.
Head of military family
It began an era in which military leaders controlled Japan

36. 21.10 Effects of the Heian Period
Tale of Genji and Pillow Book are as basic to Japan as Shakespeare to the English speakers.
Tanka is still popular today.
Bugaku led to Noh theater, dramas with heroic themes.