1. Renaissance 1300-1650

2. Renaissance in Italy  Renaissance means “rebirth” from the disorder & disunity of the medieval world  Began in Italy & lasted from 1350 to about 1500  Why Italy  Italy was the center of the Roman Empire  Center of European/Asian trade  Wealthy, powerful merchant class promoted cultural rebirth – the Medicis family

3.  What was the Renaissance  New worldview – Focus on human experience/achievement instead of life after death  Spirit of Adventure – Curiosity to explore new worlds; Christopher Columbus and Nicholas Copernicus  Humanism – Study of worldly subjects and the classics instead of only religious issues; (grammar, rhetoric, poetry & history) most famous – Francesco Petrarch

4. The Arts  New Expressions  Artwork portrayed religious figures but backdrops were Greek & Roman  Artwork depicted well-known figures of the time - reflected individual achievement  New Styles  Perspective, shading, study of anatomy and live models  Architecture  Abandoned Gothic style – too cluttered  New styles used columns, arches & domes (like the Roman built Pantheon)

5. Renaissance Painters/Artists  Leonardo da Vinci  Mona Lisa, The Last Supper  Studied botany, anatomy, optics, music architecture & engineering  Michelangelo  Sistine Chapel, Statue of David, St. Peters  Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect & poet  Raphael  St. Peter’s Cathedral  Architect & painter

9. Renaissance Writers  Baldassare Castiglione – The Book of the Courtier  “How to” handbook for aspiring & ambitious men & women on skills, manners & virtues a member of the Court should have  Men – athletic, musical, knows literature & history  Women – graceful, kind, lively yet reserved  Niccolo Machiavelli – The Prince  “How to” book on leadership  The end justifies the means  Do whatever necessary to achieve goals

10. Renaissance Moves North  Lack of economic growth & the plague slowed the spread of the Renaissance north  Began in Flanders – northern France, Belgium & Netherlands  Rebirth in Spain, France, Germany & England came 100 years later  Artists  Albrecht Durer - engraver  Jan & Hubert van Eyck – developed oil paint  Pieter Bruegel – portrayed peasant life not religious themes  Peter Paul Rubens – blended the classics with real life

11. Albrecht DurerHubert van Eyck Pieter Bruegel Peter Paul Rubens

12. Northern Humanists  Stressed education & classical learning  Emphasized religious themes  Revival on ancient learning should be used to bring about religious & moral reform  Desiderius Erasmus  Called for the Bible to be written so all could read  Disgusted by corruption in the Church & called for reform  Thomas More - wrote Utopia  Called for social reforms to create an ideal society

13.  Shakespeare  Wrote 37 plays - Twelfth Night, Richard III, Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth  Added 1700 words to the English language  Cervantes  Wrote Don Quixote

14. The Printing Press  Johann Gutenberg – Mainz, Germany  1496 – printed the Bible using the printing press  Printed books were cheaper & easier to produce  Literacy increased  Knowledge from medicine, astronomy, law & economics increased  Europeans became exposed to new ideas