1. © 2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice UV Radical Inks Amir Shapira

2. HP corporate presentation tutorial2 Ink formulation SolventpurposeUVpurpose Solvents ~85%CarrierMonomers ~85% Carrier+ matrix+ adhesion Pigment+ Dispersants ~6% ColorPigment+ Dispersants ~6% color Resin ~7% AdhesionPI ~5% Reactors\ initiators surfactants ~2% S.TSurfactants ~1% S.T

3. HP corporate presentation tutorial3 Chemistry is defined as the science of matter and the changes within. What is MATTER? – anything with mass or volume. Matter can be each of the following three:  Elements – Atoms  Compounds - A matter which is built from atoms and has different properties from the elements.  Mixture – Matter with no chemical bonds. For exp: Air. Lets start with the basics.

4. HP corporate presentation tutorial4 Metals Transition Metals Metalloids Nonmetals Noble gases Lanthanide series Actinide series

5. HP corporate presentation tutorial5 A molecule is two or more atoms joined together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. For exp: Molecular hydrogen ( ), molecular oxygen ( ) and molecular nitrogen ( ) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element. Water ( ) and carbon dioxide ( ) are compounds because each is made from more than one element. A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components. What are molecules?

6. HP corporate presentation tutorial6 What are molecules cont. In general we can divide all the molecules into two groups: organic and inorganic Organic molecules are of interest to us. This group can in turn be divided into two separate groups. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic. a chemical compound whose molecules contain carbon, with a few exceptions. Inorganic substances are of mineral origin. sand, salt, iron, calcium salts

7. HP corporate presentation tutorial7 Hydrophobic – Greek, hydro= water + phobos = fear Non polar molecules which are Lacking an affinity for water. Usually having no polar atoms of the 5 th -7 th row. Usually having no polar atoms of the 5 th -7 th row. For exp: oil. Hydrophilic – Greek, philos=loving Pertaining to polar molecules, or other materials that can accommodate water's hydrogen-bonded structures and, therefore, are relatively water-soluble. For exp: Ethanol. Hydrophobic & hydrophilic

8. HP corporate presentation tutorial8 What are polymers? The science of polymer is very extensive and so are the different kinds of polymers that exist, from natural to synthetic. We will try to summarize the subject but, keep in mind that in order to teach just the basics we would need years!!! We will begin with the basic building blocks, The MONOMERS.

9. HP corporate presentation tutorial9 Monomers In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part") is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. The chemical reaction is much more complex and difficult then will be explained here, but I will try to make it as simple as possible.

10. HP corporate presentation tutorial10 Polymerization reaction One of the most common and useful reaction for making polymers is free radical polymerization. It is used to make polymers from vinyl monomers, that is, from small molecules containing carbon-carbon double bonds, i.e. PI - compound capable of absorbing UV light, thus generating an active substance, which can initiate a polymerization reaction in UV coatings.UV light

11. HP corporate presentation tutorial11 The range of UV wavelengths is often subdivided into: UVA (380–315 nm), also called Long Wave or "backlight"; UVB (315–280 nm), also called Medium Wave; and UVC (10 < 280 nm) also called Short Wave or "germicidal”

12. HP corporate presentation tutorial12 Polymerization reaction cont. Initiation – PI  2PI PI + M  M Propagation – M + M  MM etc. Determination – ~MM +~MM  ~MMMM~ UV.......

13. HP corporate presentation tutorial13 SO what are polymers? A high molecular weight ( times the weight of a regular molecule\monomer) organic compound, natural or synthetic, whose structure can be represented by a repeated small unit, the monomer. Some polymers are elastomers (rubber like behavior), some plastics.high molecular weight A polymer can be of liquid form or of solid, the state is determined by the Tg (transition glass temperature). If the ambient temp. is above the Tg the polymer will be flexible, if below, the polymer is crystallized.

14. HP corporate presentation tutorial14 butadiene ester

15. HP corporate presentation tutorial15 Thank you