1. Mechanical Behavior of Materials Marc A. Meyers & Krishan K. Chawla Cambridge University Press

2. Chapter 1 Materials, Structure, Properties, and Performance

3. Thomas’s Iterative Tetrahedron

4. Properties of Main Classes of Materials

5. Biomaterials: Dental Implants in the Jawbone Steps required for insertion of implant into mandible. (Courtesy of J. Mahooti.)

6. Biomaterials: Typical Hip and Knee Prostheses Total hip replacement prosthesis Total knee replacement prosthesis.

7. Composites: Schematic representations of different classes

8. Composites: Different Types of Reinforcement

9. Specific Modulus and Strength of Some Materials

10. Hierarchical Structure: Biological and Synthetic Materials Tendon Advanced Synthetic Composite

11. Crystal Structures: 7 Crystal Systems, 14 Bravais lattices

12. Directions in Cubic Unit Cell

13. Miller Indices for Planes in Cubic Cell

14. Direction and Planes: Miller Indices

15. Hexagonal Structure Three to four index conversion

16. Three Most Common Crystal Structures

17. (001) Plane in Molybdenum Atomic Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy; Courtesy R. Gronsky

18. FCC and HCP Structures: Stacking of Closest Packed Planes (a)Layer of most closely packed atoms corresponding to (111) in FCC and (00.1) in HCP. (b) Packing sequence of most densely packed planes in AB and AC sequence. (c) Ball model showing the ABAB sequence of the HCP structure. (d) Ball model showing the ABCABC sequence of the FCC structure.

19. Different Structures of Ceramics

20. Ordered Structure: Intermetallic Compound

21. Important Intermetallic Compounds

22. Structure of Glasses Ordered crystalline of silica Random-network of glassy silica

23. Structure of Glasses (c) Atomic arrangements in crystalline and glassy metals

24. Glasses and Crystals: Specific Volume

25. Classification of Polymers Different types of molecular chain configurations. (a)Homopolymer: one type of repeating unit. (b) Random copolymer: two monomers, A and B, distributed randomly. (c) Block copolymer: a sequence of monomer A, followed by a sequence of monomer B. (d) Graft copolymer: Monomer A forms the main chain, while monomer B forms the branched chains.

26. Tacticity in Polypropylene Tacticity : Order of placement of side groups.

27. Crystallinity of Polymers A lamellar crystal showing growth spirals around screw dislocations. TEM. (Courtesy of H.D. Keith.) Spherulitic structures: a.Spherulitic structure b. Each spherulite consists of radially arranged, narrow crystalline lamellae. c. Each lamella has tightly packed polymer chains folding back and forth

28. Polymer Chain Configuration

29. Molecular Weight Distribution in Polymers

30. Liquid Crystals Different types of order in the liquid crystalline state

31. Stress-Strain Curves for Biological Materials Urether (After F. C. P. Yin and Y. C. Fung, Am. J. Physiol. 221 (1971), 1484.) Human femur bone (After F. G. Evans, Artificial Limbs, 13 (1969) 37.)

32. Crack Propagation in an Abalone Shell Cross section of abalone shell showing how a crack, starting at left, is deflected by viscoplastic layer between calcium carbonate lamellae (mesoscale). Arrangement of calcium carbonate in nacre, forming a miniature“brick and mortar” structure (microscale).

33. Porous and Cellular Materials Compressive stress–strain curves for foams. (a)Polyethylene with different initial densities. (b)Mullite with relative density = 0.08. (c)Schematic of a sandwich structure. L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties (Oxford, U.K.: Pergamon Press, 1988), pp. 124, 125.)

34. Biological Material: Toucan Beak Toucan beak External shell made of keratin scales

35. Foams: Synthetic and Natural Synthetic aluminum foam Foam found in the inside of toucan beak Courtesy of M. S. Schneider and K. S. Vecchio.

36. Biological Minerals: Atomic Structure Atomic structure of hydroxyapatite: small white atoms (P), large gray atoms (O), black atoms (Ca). Atomic structure of aragonite: large dark atoms (Ca), small gray atoms (C), large white atoms (O). Courtesy K. S. Vecchio

38. Amino Acids Missing eqn

39. Polypeptide Chains Alpha Helix and Beta Sheet Structures

40. Collagen Triple helix structure of collagen Adapted from Y. C. Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues (Berlin: Springer, 1993).

41. Collagen: Hierarchical Structure Hierarchical organization of collagen, starting with triple helix, and going to fibrils. (From H. Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 4th ed. (New York, W.H. Freeman & Company, 1999).)

42. Mechanical Properties of a Collagen Fiber Idealized configuration of a wavy collagen fiber. Stress–strain curve of collagen with three characteristic stages.

43. Muscles:Actin Molecular structure of actin.

44. Muscles: Myosin

45. Muscles: Movement of Actin and Myosin Filaments Action of cross-bridges when actin filament is moved to left with respect to myosin filament; notice how cross-bridges detach themselves, then reattach themselves to actin.

46. Muscle Structure: Sarcomere Units

47. Muscle Structure: Myofibril

48. Muscle Hierarchical Structure: from Fibrils to Fibers

49. Biological Material: Sponge Spicule Stress-deflection responses of synthetic silica rod and sponge spicule in flexuretesting. (Courtesy of M. Sarikaya and G. Mayer.) SEM of fractured sponge spicule showing two- dimensional onion-skin structure of concentric layers. (Courtesy of G. Mayer and M. Sarikaya.)

50. Active (Smart) Materials:Ferroelectricity (a)Effect of applied field E on dimension of ferroelectric material. (b) Linear relationship between strain and electric field. (a)(Courtesy of G. Ravichandran.)

51. Electronic Materials Cross section of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). (Adapted from W. D. Nix, Met. Trans., 20A (1989) 2217.)

52. Nanomaterials: Carbon Nanotubes Three configurations for single wall carbon nanotubes: arm chair; “zig-zag”; chiral. (Adapted from M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus and R. Saito, Carbon, 33 (1995) 883.)

53. Nanomaterials: Carbon Nanotubes Array of parallel carbon nanotubes grown as a forest. ( From R. H. Baughman, A. A. Zakhidov and W. A. de Heer, Science, 297 (2002) 787.)

54. Strength of Copper Whisker

55. Strength of Whiskers

56. Tensile Strength of Whiskers at R. T.

57. Turbine Blade Subjected to Centripetal Forces