1. Polymers

2. What Are Polymers?
Large molecule that consists of lots of small repeating subunits
Subunits are called monomers
Polymers are formed when monomers are linked together is a process called polymerization

3. Addition Polymers Polymers are linked through addition reactions
Three stages in synthesis
Initiation
Propagation
Termination

4. Polyethylene
Polymer made from ethene monomers

5. Polyethylene
Polymer made from ethene monomers
Short form notation:

7. Polyethylene

8. Polypropene
Made from propene monomers

9. Polypropene Made from propene monomers Used in rope and carpets
Short form notation:

10. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Made with chloroethene (vinyl chloride) monomers

11. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Made with chloroethene (vinyl chloride) monomers
Used in electrical wire insulation, plastic piping, coating on fabrics
Short form notation:

12. Polystyrene

13. Polystyrene
Made from (styrene) phenylethene
Very commonly used

14. Substituted Groups Change the properties of polymer
Teflon monomer: tetrafluroethane
Plexiglass monomer: methyl propenoate

16. Crosslinking Occurs when links can be formed in 2 directions
Diene monomers can form bridges between chains
Diene doesn’t have to be main monomer
Increases polymers’ strength

17. Plastic Properties
Substituted ethene (vinyl) monomers considered “plastics”
Saturated alkanes
Very stable
Unreactive
Flexible and mouldable solids or liquids
Weak van der Waals forces
Softened by heating
Disrupts forces

19. Condensation Polymers
Monomer units are joined by condensation reactions
Monomer units must have functional groups at each end

20. Polyesters
Formed between dicarboxylic acid and diol

21. Polyesters
Formed between dicarboxylic acid and diol

22. Polyamides
Formed between dicarboxylic acid and diamine

23. Polyamides
Formed between dicarboxylic acid and diamine