1. Organic compounds Carbon compounds
Organic compounds- primarily made of carbon
Carbon can from four covalent bonds
As a result, carbon can bon in a number of ways

2. Carbon compounds
Functional groups- cluster of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules that contain them

3. Large carbon molecules
Monomer- small, simpler organic molecule
Polymer- contains many monomers
Condensation reaction- reaction that joins two monomers, produces water
Hydrolysis- water is used to break polymer

4. Energy currency Energy is required for life’s processes
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- stores energy for this purpose
Energy stored in phosphate group bonds
Energy released when one bond breaks

5. Molecules of Life
Carbohydrates- Organic compounds containing C, H, and O in a ration of 1:2:1 respectively
Monosaccharide- monomer of a carb, simple sugar (glucose)
Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides bonded, double sugar (sucrose)
Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides bonded
Glycogen- polymer of glucose in animals
Starch- polymer of glucose in plants

7. Protein- composed of C, H, O, N
Monomer- amino acid
Dipeptide- 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond
Proteins contain polypeptides
Serve as structural components and enzymes

8. Lipids- large nonpolar molecules
Do not dissolve in water
Fatty Acid- long carbon chain with a carboxyl on end
Saturated- no double bonds, solid at roop temp, found in animals
Unsaturated- double bonds present, liquid at room temp, found in plants

9. Lipids Triglyceride- glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids
Phospholipids- glycerol with 2 fatty acids
Other lipids include waxes and steroids
Serve as structural components and energy storage

11. Nucleic Acids- large molecules that store information
Nucleotide- monomer of nucleic acid
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- stores genetic info
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)- transfers info needed to make proteins within cells