1. Carbon Monomers – The smaller groups of carbon atoms that are built into larger units Carbon Polymers – The large macromolecules made up of monomers ++ a. Simple sugars (Monosaccharides) b. Fatty acids and glycerol c. Amino Acids d. Nucleotides MonomersPolymer 1.Carbon atoms form the building blocks of all other organic molecules 2.Carbon atoms are usually put together into small molecules to build larger macromolecules The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Organic MonomersOrganic Polymers a. Starches (Polysaccharides) b. Lipids c. Proteins (Polypeptides) d. Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) H2OH2O Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) H2OH2OH2OH2OH2OH2O Hydrolysis

2. 1. Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids

3. Carbohydrates Carbon + water Carbon + water Monosaccharides Monosaccharides “building blocks” Disaccharides Disaccharides “2 building blocks ” Polysaccharides Polysaccharides “Many building blocks” Organic Nutrient Atoms Names Structure Examples Function CarbonHydrogenOxygen“Carbs” Most end in “ose” C (H 2 O) n H:O = 2:1 H:O = 2:1 SugarsStarchesWood Quick Energy Stored Energy StructureSupport CarbonHydrogenOxygenSimpleSugars C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6GlucoseFructoseGalactose (isomers) Quick Energy CarbonHydrogenOxygen CarbonHydrogenOxygen DoubleSugars C 12 H 22 O 11 C 12 H 22 O 11MaltoseSucroseLactose Quick Energy Starches X 5000 = X 30 = X 10,000 = AmyloseGlycogen Cellulose Chitin Energy Storage Energy Storage Structure & support

4. Slide 23

6. Chitin: A Modified Polysaccharide Slide 3

7. Forms of a Monosaccharide Linear FormRing Form (Physiological Conditions) Abbreviated Ring Structure

8. A Disaccharide From 2 Monosaccharides Maltose from Glucose + Glucose Sucrose from Glucose + Fructose Slide 3

9. Slide 12

10. Slide 1 HO Short polymer

11. Slide 3 CARBOHYDRATES