1. NZYMES NZY MES

2. Amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch AmylaseStarchAmylaseMaltose Enzyme Substrate EnzymeProduct

3. The Lock and Key Mechanism of Enzyme Action In this diagram the enzyme breaks a large molecule into smaller ones. The same enzyme will also catalyse the reverse reaction – it will join the smaller molecules together again.

4. The Induced Fit Hypothesis of Enzyme Action When the substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site, it ‘induces’ a change of shape so that the substrate and enzyme become fully complementary.

5. A Graph To Show That The Activation Energy Of A Reaction Is Smaller In The Presence Of An Enzyme.

6. DENATURATION

7. Enzymes are Proteins and will show a positive result with the Biuret test! Don’t Forget!!!

8. Cofactors

9. The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of an Enzyme-Controlled Reaction

10. The Effect Of pH

11. The Effect Of pH on the Rate of an Enzyme-Controlled Reaction

12. The Effect Of Changing Substrate Concentration The effect of changing the amount of substrate on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction. As the amount of substrate increases from 0 to B, the rate of reaction increases. As the amount of substrate increases from B to C, the rate of reaction does not increase any further.

13. Competitive Inhibitors

14. Non-Competitive Inhibitors (ALLOSTERIC SITE)

15. The Effect of a Non-Competitive Inhibitor The effect of a non-competitive inhibitor on the rate of an enzyme- controlled reaction. The rate of reaction is always lower with a non- competitive inhibitor, however much substrate is present.

16. End-Point Inhibition By acting as an inhibitor, the end-product of a series of reactions prevents its own production.

17. End-Point Inhibition continued…