1. Should be at least three sentences.
Warm up:
Please re-read your “Biomolecules” Cornell Notes and write your summary at the bottom of the page!
Should be at least three sentences.
Do not touch the toothpicks until you are given instructions

2. Every person should have a handful of toothpicks in front of them
“Toothpickase”
Every person should have a handful of toothpicks in front of them
You will break as many as you can in 15 seconds FLAT!
Be sure to count how many you are able to break and document it on your notes once the timer goes off!
click here for stopwatch

3. ENZYMES

4. ENZYMES AND Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions must occur continuously in living things!
Examples:
Photosynthesis
Breaking down food
Can occur with the help of
macromolecules called
ENZYMES.
REACTANTS
ENZYMES
Enzyme names usually end in -ASE
PRODUCTS

5. Enzymes belong to the biomolecule group of PROTEINS
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes belong to the biomolecule group of PROTEINS
Spend one minute writing a list of characteristics an enzyme has if it is in the protein category.
Turn to your neighbor and discuss your list.
Improve the list you have on your notes and be prepared to share!

6. ENZYMES ARE Proteins… CARBON COMPOUNDS ORGANIC MADE OF AMINO ACID
MONOMERS
CONTAIN NITROGEN
PEPTIDE BONDS

7. FUNCTION OF Enzymes CATALYSTS Enzymes are proteins that function as
This means they help to speed up chemical reactions
How? They lower the activation energy of reaction so it takes LESS energy for the reaction to take place.
Enzymes are very specific and will only catalyze one specific chemical reaction. This means there are TONS of enzymes at work at all times!
The enzyme wont change after the reaction takes place, it is recycled!

8. VS.

9. FUNCTION OF ENZYMES:
Spend one minute writing an explanation of the FUNCTION of enzymes. YOU MUST USE THE WORDS CATALYST, ACTIVATION ENERGY, RECYCLABLE
Turn to your neighbor and explain to them!
Improve the explanation on your notes and be prepared to share!
BEEP BEEP

10. Structure of Enzymes Substrate Active Site Enzyme
Enzymes match with a substrate that fits like a puzzle at an active site.
Active Site
LABEL YOURS!
Enzyme

11. Structure of Enzymes
The structure of enzymes and substrates are a “lock and key” model
The molecules that bind to the enzyme are called substrates.
The location where they bind (sit down) is called the active site.
After the enzyme and substrate bind it is called an enzyme-substrate complex.
The substrate may break apart or bond together to form a product. 1 3 2
Ex. DISACCHARIDE TURNS TO MONOSACCHARIDES

12. STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES:
Spend one minute writing an explanation of STRUCTURE of enzymes. YOU MUST USE THE WORDS ENZYME, SUBSTRATE, ACTIVE SITE, “LOCK AND KEY” and ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX.
Turn to your neighbor and explain to them!
Improve the explanation on your notes and be prepared to share!

13. “Toothpickase”
WHAT WAS THE ENZYME? WHAT WAS THE SUBSTRATE? HOW WERE YOU ACTING AS AN ENZYME?

14. Factors that affect enzyme action
Temperature- the rate of an enzyme increases with temperature.
If the temperature is too high, it can DENATURE (destroy) the shape of an enzyme so that it no longer fits the substrate.

15. Factors that affect enzyme action
pH- enzymes work efficiently at a specific pH.
Enzymes in blood work best at a pH of 7 (neutral)
Enzymes in stomach work best at a pH of 2 (acid)
Enzymes in intestine work best at a pH of 8 (base)

16. Factors that affect enzyme action
Chemical messengers called HORMONES can signal a cell to start or stop an enzyme from working.
An INHIBITOR may prevent or slow the enzyme rate by blocking the active site where the substrate sits down!

17. Factors that affect enzyme action
List the factors that affect enzyme action in your notes.
Temperature pH
Hormones
Inhibitors

18. “Toothpickase” Add 2 paperclips to your pile of toothpicks.
For 15 seconds, break as many toothpicks as you can with your EYES CLOSED!
Be sure to count how many you have broken and document it on your notes!

19. “Toothpickase”
WHAT WAS THE ENZYME? WHAT WAS THE SUBSTRATE? WHAT WAS THE INHIBITOR? HOW WAS THE RATE OF ENZYME ACTION AFFECTED?

20. Examples of biological enzymes
Lipase — breaking down of fats (lipid)
Protease — breaking down of proteins
Cellulase — breaking down of fiber (cellulose)
Amylase — breaking down of starch (amylose)
Lactase — breaking down of dairy products (lactose)
Sucrase — breaking down of sugar (sucrose)
Maltase — breaking down of grains (maltose)

22. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYME ACTION:
Label:
Describe the structure of an enzyme:
“TOOTHPICKASE”
Enzyme:
Substrate:
How were you acting as an enzyme?
“TOOTHPICKASE”
How many toothpicks did you break in 15 seconds? _____________
ENZYMES are PROTEINS
Characteristics of proteins:
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYME ACTION:
“TOOTHPICKASE”
How many toothpicks did you break in 15 seconds? _____________
Enzyme:
Substrate:
Inhibitor:
How did the rate of enzyme action change?
FUNCTION of ENZYMES
EXPLAIN the function of enzymes:

23. ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES FUNCTION OF ENZYMES
INFLUENTIAL
FACTORS