1. Peter L. Lane, MD, FRCPC INJURY BIOMECHANICS

2. l Why bother ? l The science of stopping l Some examples of different mechanics and the injuries they produce l How we can learn more INJURY BIOMECHANICS INTRODUCTION

3. l Accidents will happen l People will get hurt l We'll try to fix them WHY BOTHER ?

4. l Sudden event l Unpredictable l Unavoidable "ACCIDENT"

5. l AIDS/TB analogy l Relative importance as a public health issue l Framework of analysis INJURY AS A DISEASE

6. l Patterns of injury l Predictive of severity and outcome l Prevention/injury control CLINICAL RELEVANCE

7. l Speed doesn't kill stopping does l dv/dt = THE SCIENCE OF STOPPING V

8. time (msec) v e l o c i t y dV/dT

9. time (msec) v e l o c i t y dV/dT V = 15 g

10. time (msec) v e l o c i t y dV/dT V = 100 g

11. l Vehicle with barrier l bony structures with vehicle interior l viscera with bony structures THE 3 COLLISIONS

12. Environmental factors n median barriers n roadside obstacles n traffic flow Vehicle factors n windshields n "friendly" interior n steering column Restraint systems n 3 point belts air bags SLOWING THE STOP

13. CONTACTS windshield steering wheel dash board pedals, firewall INJURIES face brain neck bony thorax lungs, heart, great vessels abdominal viscera knee, femur, hip, pelvis foot, ankle CRASH TYPE - FRONTAL

14. CONTACTS window/pillar door panel/intrusion INJURIES face brain neck bony thorax lungs hip pelvis CRASH TYPE - SIDE

15. CONTACTS head rest up head rest down seat back shoulder belt on INJURIES scalp contusions usually soft tissue strain to neck none chest contusion flexion/rotation inj to C- spine CRASH TYPE - REAR

16. CONTACTS shoulder component lap component lap belt alone INJURIES clavicle bony thorax neck - flexion/rotation abdominal wall solid and hollow viscera - compressive above plus distraction L - spine CRASH TYPE - FRONTAL BELTS ON

17. l Rollover l Ejection l Motor cycle l Bicycle l Pedestrian OTHER CRASH TYPES

18. l Why bother ? l The science of stopping l Some examples of different mechanics and the injuries they produce l How we can learn more INJURY BIOMECHANICS SUMMARY

19. l Crash investigation l Correlation with trauma registry data l Collision data project l Vehicle changes l Road design l Clinical data l Mechanics of other causes MORE TO BE LEARNED