1. Introduction to Chemistry
SNC1DE
Introduction to Chemistry

2. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and its composition
Discovery of interactions between different types of matter (reactions)
Properties of matter can be manipulated for use by man

3. Properties of Matter
Properties of matter are characteristics that help you describe and identify matter
Properties can be described or measured
Subcategorized into physical and chemical properties

4. Physical Properties
Physical property is a property that you can observe without changing one kind of matter into something new
Qualitative observations are based on qualities of the matter
Quantitative observations can be measured with a number and unit

5. Physical Properties Qualitative includes: Physical state Colour Odour
Crystal shape
Malleability
Ductility
Hardness
Brittleness
Quantitative includes:
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
Solubility
Electrical conductivity
Thermal conductivity

6. Chemical Properties
A chemical property is a property that you can observe when one kind of matter is converted into a different kind of matter
Example: A chemical property of iron is that is reacts with oxygen to form rust

7. Chemical Properties Qualitative includes: Reactivity with water
Reactivity with air
Reactivity with pure oxygen
Reactivity with acids
Reactivity with pure substances
Combustibility
Quantitative includes:
Toxicity
Decomposition

8. Using Measurements QuantitySI Definition SI Units Equipment used Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Grams
kg, g, mg, ug
Balance
Length
The distance between two points
Metres
m, cm, mm
Ruler
Temperature
The hotness or coldness of a substance
Kelvin (K)
Degrees Celsius (oC)
Thermometer
Volume
The amount of space an object occupies
Cubic metre (m3)
Litre (L)
Millilitre (ml)
Beaker, graduated cylinder, pipette, calculated
Mole
The amount of a substance
Mole (mol)
Calculated
Density
Mass per unit of volume
Kg/m3
Calculated or measured
Energy
The capacity to do work (to move matter)
Joule (J)

9. Measuring and Calculating Values
Significant digits are used for accuracy and precision
Accuracy refers to how close a given quantity is to an accepted or expected value
Precision refers to the exactness of a measurement

10. Physical Changes
Matter can be classified as either a gas, liquid, or solid
Generally, as you add energy, particles move faster and farther apart
As you remove energy, particles move closer and become attracted to each other

11. Chemical Changes
Chemical changes are changes that alter the composition of matter
Clues include:
Change in colour
Temperature change
Gas forms
Precipitate forms
Irreversible

12. Classifying Matter Matter is either a pure substance or mixture
Pure substances have a definite composition, has the same response to physical changes
Mixtures are a physical combination of two or more kinds of matter

13. Pure Substances
Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated chemically into any simpler substances
Compounds are pure substances that result when two or more elements combine chemically into a new substance

14. Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that are visibly separate
Homogenous mixtures are mixtures that are cannot be separated by eye