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Review the Characteristics of Living Things
Section 1-3 Characteristic Examples Living things are made up of units called cells. Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular. Living things reproduce. Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees. Living things grow and develop. Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies. Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat. Living things respond to their environment. Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature. Taken as a group, living things change over time. Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert. Go to Section:
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Classification A. What is Classification?
1. Grouping things in a logical manner- similar things grouped together B. Why Classify? B/c scientists need an effective system to study the approximate 2.5 million known organisms So that all scientists can use the same terminology for the same species.
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C. How are living things classified?
Biologists use Taxonomy- science of classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms. Binomial nomenclature- two word naming system. Each species name has two parts: Genus name and Species name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canis familiaris .
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What is a catfish? What is a dandelion? What is a jellyfish? What is a bullfrog? What is a dragonfly?
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American Coot?
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Spring Peeper?
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Brown Booby?
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Who started all this? Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th Century, developed two name system. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.) Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae Today we have 6 kingdoms
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Archaebacteria
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Eubacteria
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Protist
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Fungi
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Plants
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Animals
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Linnaeus’s System of Classification
King Kingdom Scientific Name= Genus and Species Ex: Homo sapien Rules: Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case. Both are always italicized or underlined Phillip Phylum Came Class Over Order For Family Great Genus Spaghetti Species
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Classification of Ursus arctos
Section 18-1 Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae Species name is most specific! GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Go to Section:
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E. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom Live in very extreme environments Have a cell wall and some use flagella for movement Unicellular – single celled Prokaryote – simple cell with no nucleus Reproduce asexually Can be helpful & harmful
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F. Kingdom Eubacteria Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere Have cell walls and some use flagella for movement Prokaryote – simple, unicellular cell with no nucleus Reproduce Asexually Can be helpful & harmful
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G. Kingdom Protista Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
Most reproduce asexually, some sexually Very diverse kingdom Can be autotrophs (producers) or heterotrophs (consumers) Can be unicellular or multicellular Many have cell walls Examples: Algae, Amoeba, Diatoms
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Algae
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H. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
Multicellular (except yeast) Have cell walls made of chitin Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually Heterotrophs (consumers) – they eat! Important decomposers Examples: Mushrooms, mold, lichens
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I. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
Multicellular Have cell walls made of cellulose Autotrophs (producers) – they carry out photosynthesis Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually
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J. Kingdom Animalia Hey! That’s You!
Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus Do not have cell walls Multicellular Heterotrophs (consumers) Reproduce sexually Examples: insects, fish, humans
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Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches
Section 4-2 Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches Spruce tree Go to Section:
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Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains
Section 18-3 DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA Go to Section:
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Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Eukarya Go to Section: Protist web site
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Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Eukarya Go to Section: Protist web site
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Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Go to Section: Protist web site
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Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Go to Section: Protist web site
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Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Go to Section: Protist web site
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Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Go to Section: Protist web site
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Concept Map Section 18-3 Living Things Go to Section: Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are characterized by Important characteristics and differing which place them in Domain Eukarya Cell wall structures such as which is subdivided into which place them in Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea which coincides with which coincides with Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Go to Section:
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Levels of Organization
Section 1-3 Biosphere The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Biosphere Ecosystem Community and its nonliving surroundings Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Community Populations that live together in a defined area Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Population Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Bison herd Go to Section:
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Levels of Organization continued
Section 1-3 Organism Individual living thing Bison Tissues, organs, and organ systems Groups of Cells Nervous tissue Brain Nervous system Smallest functional unit of life Cells Nerve cell Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Molecules Water DNA Go to Section:
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Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Section 4-2 Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors ECOSYSTEM Go to Section:
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