1. A UNIQUE APPROACH TO THE 21 ST CENTURY AUTOMOTIVE CHALLENGE The Hybridized Driveway

2. The 21 st Century Automotive Challenge “Design and develop a vehicle that practically reduces a highway vehicle’s carbon footprint and provides for greater fossil fuel efficiency in transporting passengers and cargo from point A to point B. Special attention is given to highway payload efficiency. Speed and cost efficiency is also included. Passenger safety, preservation of cargo, and the over-all environmental impact of vehicle production, cradle to grave, should also be included as important factors.”

3. The Problem

4. The 21 st Century Problem Global Warming Greenhouse Gasses Four sectors:  Residential  Industrial  Commercial  Transportation

5. The 21 st Century Problem

6. Transportation Transportation accounts for 33% of American carbon dioxide emissions

7. Transportation in America Currently 300 million people in the US 230 million people are eligible to drive 115 million workers in the US—99.6 million (86.5%) commute to work in a car, truck, or van Of those commuting drivers, 84 million (84.6%) drive alone to work and 12 million (12.1%) carpool with only one other person

8. Transportation in America Most American households have two cars American cities are built around private vehicle usage as the primary means of transportation

9. -- THE HYBRIDIZED SOLUTION Our Solution

10. The Hybridized Driveway A problem as big as global warming will take more than just new technology, it will require a cultural change as well

11. The Hybridized Driveway There already is a certain degree of specialization of cars in today’s house hold. Why not have two cars for two different purposes?  Short haul, commuting, errands, around town, etc.  Longer haul, trips, multiple passengers

12. Moritz Woodstock 2000 VW Jetta 1,300 lbs towing capacity BioDiesel Long Range Driving 50 mpg Converted 1994 Ford Ranger Electric Short Range Driving 92 MPGe Our Driveway

13. Moritz- Volkswagen TDI Jetta Speed: 0 – 110 mph Acceleration: 0 – 60 in 9 sec Passengers: 5 people Fuel Tank Capacity: 15 gallons Range in miles: 600 – 700 Cost Efficiency: Using Standard Petro 6.3¢ per mile Using SM’s B100 2.1¢ per mile

14. Moritz’s Fuel Moritz runs completely off Biodiesel (B100) Can also use any ratio of petro diesel to biodiesel Not a “grease” car (B100 refined from cooking oil) No conversions were necessary

15. Biodiesel Biodiesel fuels are refined from organic sources We produce our own biodiesel from used cooking oil Zero emissions

16. Additional Specifications Moritz trunk space- 13 cubic feet Woodstock cargo space- 48 cubic feet http://www.internetautoguide.com/car- specifications/09- int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html http://www.internetautoguide.com/car- specifications/09- int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html Safety- http://www.internetautoguide.com/crash- tests/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.htmlhttp://www.internetautoguide.com/crash- tests/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html

17. Woodstock- 1994 Ford Ranger Speed: 0 – 75 mph Acceleration: 0 – 30 in 5 sec Passengers: 2 people (pickup) Electrical storage capacity: 32.2 kWh Range in miles: 60 – 90 Recharge Time: 5 hours Cost Efficiency: Using “green” electricity 6.5¢ per mile Using std. grid electricity 5.7¢ per mile Recharge sources: Electrical Grid Solar panels Wind turbine

18. Electric Vehicle Woodstock runs on “green” electricity Green electricity is generated by Wind, Solar and Biomass

19. Solar Energy Woodstock has three solar panels above its cargo bay that run passively It generates 5% of the total electricity per day needed

20. Wind Energy Woodstock also has a portable wind turbine Woodstock must be stationary to deploy the turbine

21. Negative Emissions The wind turbine can generate electricity to charge Woodstock’s batteries and produce a surplus as well This surplus energy can be put back on the electrical grid

22. The Benefits of the Hybridized Driveway

23. The technology to begin to implement this idea is already here The technology needed is widespread and relatively cheap

24. Who are we? St. Mark’s School is a private boarding high school in Southboro, MA Woodstock was converted and modified by team members Conor MacKean ’03, Carole Lemos-Wade ‘06, Nick Generous ’07, Peter Smithy ‘08, Max Ziegler ’09, Xander Lodge ‘09, and many others! Moritz is a ‘00 VW Jetta TDI. Its principal modification is an removable fuel tank for precise fuel measurements.

25. Who are our friends? St. Mark’s Alumni and parents! Evergreen Solar – photovoltaic Wayside Ford – technical assistance Consumer Services Group – “Climate Save” energy Center for Resource Solutions – “green-e” The Alternative Energy Store – Air-X turbine FLIK Food Services – raw material for biodiesel Earth Tech –raw material for biodiesel

26. Works Cited Data on slide 4 from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/carbon.html - Department of energy report from 2005 on US emissions Picture on slide 5 from http://www.corrosioncost.com/infrastructure/highway/highway2.jhttp://www.corrosioncost.com/infrastructure/highway/highway2.j Data on slide 6 from http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/journey/usveh90.txt, http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01- 12.pdfhttp://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/journey/usveh90.txt Photo on Slide 8 from http://phong.com/imagery/photos/content/2004/04.April/22.suburbia.jpg and http://www.beijinghighlights.com/photos/beijingtoday/traffic.JPGhttp://phong.com/imagery/photos/content/2004/04.April/22.suburbia.jpg http://www.beijinghighlights.com/photos/beijingtoday/traffic.JPG

27. Cost for one charge… WS. How many Batts. WS—24 6 volt batteries. 144 volts 200 amp hrs  Cost to fully charge batteries using “green” electricity at 18¢/kWh is $5.70  Cost to charge batteries using “regular” electricity at 16¢/kWh is $5.07

28. Additional Specifications [Additional specifications of woodstock] Trunk volume “Passenger safety, preservation of cargo, and the over-all environmental impact of vehicle production, cradle to grave, should also be included as important factors.”