1. Common Bases

2. Sodium hydroxideNaOHlye or caustic soda Potassium hydroxideKOHlye or caustic potash Magnesium hydroxideMg(OH) 2 milk of magnesia Calcium hydroxideCa(OH) 2 slaked lime Ammonia waterNH 3 H 2 Ohousehold ammonia Name Formula Common Name. NH 4 OH NH 4 1+ + OH 1- ammonium hydroxide

3. Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases perchloricHClO 4 hydrogen chlorideHCl nitricHNO 3 sulfuricH 2 SO 4 hydronium ionH 3 O + hydrogen sulfate ionHSO 4 - phosphoricH 3 PO 4 aceticHC 2 H 3 O 2 carbonicH 2 CO 3 hydrogen sulfideH 2 S ammonium ionNH 4 + hydrogen carbonate ionHCO 3 - waterH 2 O ammoniaNH 3 hydrogenH 2 Decreasing Acid Strength perchlorate ionClO 4 - chloride ionCl - nitrate ionNO 3 - hydrogen sulfate ionHSO 4 - waterH 2 O sulfate ionSO 4 2- dihydrogen phosphate ionH 2 PO 4 - acetate ionC 2 H 3 O 2 - hydrogen carbonate ionHCO 3 - hydro sulfide ionHS - ammoniaNH 3 carbonate ionCO 3 2- hydroxide ionOH - amide ionNH 2 - hydride ionH - Decreasing Base Strength Acid Formula Conjugate baseFormula Metcalfe, Williams, Catska, Modern Chemistry  1966, page 229 acid conjugate base + H +