1. Loss, Death, and Grieving

2. Birth, loss, and death are universal and individually unique events of human experience. Life is a series of losses and gains.

3. Loss
A person experiences loss in the absence of an object, person, body part or function of emotion that was formerly present.
Formerly: سابقاً

4. Categories of Loss Loss of external objects.
e.g. possession that is worn out, misplaced, stolen or ruined by disaster.
Loss of known environment.
e.g. separation from a known environment includes leaving a familiar setting.
Loss of a significant others.
e.g. include parents, spouses, children, siblings ...etc.
Loss of an aspect of self.
e.g. body part, physiological function, psychological function.... etc.
Loss of life: Person who face death live, feel, think and respond to events and people around them until the moment of death.

5. Grief, Mourning and Bereavement
Bereavement: is the state of thought, feeling, and activity that follows loss. It includes Grief and mourning.
Grief: A form of sorrow that follows the perception or anticipation of a loss of one or more valued or significant object, these responses often includes helplessness. Loneliness, hopelessness, sadness, guilt, and anger.
Mourning: The process that follows a loss and includes working through grief.
N.B: "The processes of grief and mourning are intense, internal, and painful".

6. Care of Dying Clients and their family
Promotion of comfort.
Maintenance of independence by participation in decision making.
Prevention of loneliness and isolation.
Promotion of spiritual comfort.
Support for the grieving family.
Hospice care: Care to help the terminally ill client be comfortable and maintain satisfaction in lifestyle through the process of dying, and emphasizes palliative treatment

7. N.B: Tissues & Organs used for Transplant
Vital Organs
Non Vital Tissues
Heart
Corneas
Liver
Skin
Lungs
long bone
Kidneys
Middle ear bones
Pancreas

8. The dying Peron’s Bill of Rights

9. I have the right to be treated as a living human being until I die.
I have the right to maintain a sense of hopefulness however changing its focus may be.
I have the right to be cared for by those who can maintain a sense of hopefulness, however changing this might be.
I have the right to express my feeling and emotions about my approaching death in my own way.
I have the right to participate in decisions concerning my care.

10. The dying Peron’s Bill of Rights…cont
I have the right to expect continuing medical and nursing attention even though “cure” goals must be changed to “comfort” goals.
I have the right not to die alone.
I have the right to be free from pain
I have the right to have my questions answered honestly.
I have the right not to be deceived.

11. The dying Peron’s Bill of Rights…cont
I have the right to have help from others and for my family in accepting my death.
I have the right to die in peace and dignity.
I have a right to retain my individuality and not be judged for my decisions which may be contrary to beliefs of others.
I have the right to expect that the sanctity of the human body will be respected after death.
I have the right to be cared for by caring; sensitive, knowledgeable people who will attempt to understand my needs and will be able to gain some satisfaction in helping me face my death.

12. Thank You All
Any Question ??????