1. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg GPS at Australian Tide Gauge Bench Marks (TGBM) John Manning Gary Johnston Paul Digney

2. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg A network of Tide Gauges deployed at Australian Antarctic Stations in 1992/1993. Including the establishment of TGBMs in close proximity Continuous GPS Stations - Part of the AUSTRALIAN Regional GPS Network (ARGN), established at each permanent Australian Station in 1993/1994. Establishment in 1995 of the Southern Ocean Sea Level Centre to foster international cooperation into Southern Ocean sea level research Background

3. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Activities 2000/2001 Summer EDM-Heighting technique used to connect GPS to TGBM at both Mawson and Davis Stations 3 days GPS data observed at Davis, Mawson and Larsemann Hills TGBMs

4. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg A comparison of GPS Heighting and Orthometric levelling between the ARGN mark and the TGBM.

5. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg MAWSON TGBM

6. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg MAWSON Permanent GPS

7. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg http://www.auslig.gov.au/geodesy/antarc/mawsontg.htm

8. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Level Connections at Mawson

9. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Permanent GPS at Davis Station

10. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

11. EDM Height Traversing Leap Frogging Technique Variant of the common technique of spirit levelling, where the differences in height between change points are determined using observations of zenith angles and slope distances. Use of Leica TLC2000 Total Station and single fixed height survey rod and reflector A total of 12 measurements taken to both backsight and foresight Sight lengths kept below 50 metres Misclose to comply with allowable maximum for SP1 Class LA - 4 k

12. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Level Connections at Davis Station

13. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg NMVS4 Original TGBM at Davis

14. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg http://www.auslig.gov.au/geodesy/antarc/davistg.htm

15. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Attempting to transfer MSL from the Tide Gauge at Davis to the TGBM

16. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Permanent GPS at Casey Station

17. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg http://www.auslig.gov.au/geodesy/antarc/caseytg.htm

18. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg TGBM Network Casey Station

19. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Australian TGBM (AUS334) Larsemann Hills

20. Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg Future Program Continue monitoring the vertical connection between GPS and TGBM, by: levelling, by adopting at least 2nd order standards Repeat GPS observations on TGBMs at each Station Continue the development of fixed levelling routes to maintain consistency