1. Chemistry of Soap Getting Down and Dirty

2. Differences in Electronegativity If the difference in electronegativity is ___________ between two elements in a bond then an ____________ bond is formed. If the difference is _________________ ______________ then the bond formed is __________________. This difference in electronegativity also generates _______________in the molecule or compound. The more electronegative end has a partial ___________________ charge and the other end is slightly more ____________________.

3. A Bit of Polarity = A Cleaner Tomorrow _____________________ is what is responsible for the chemical qualities of soap. The strength of the bond __________________ as the electronegativity difference _____________________. Soap is formed by combining ________________ with ____________________________ (lye or caustic soda). When the chemical reaction is complete, _________ and ______________are the products. One end of the soap is sticky or ______________-. This is also called __________________. The other end is ___________or water-hating. Another word for this is _______________. The sticky end is attracted to __________________ while the non-sticky end is attracted to _______________________ ends.

4. What is Soap Made Of? Soaps are made of molecules that are both ________ and ______________. The molecule has a long _________________ tail that allows it to dissolve grease, and a _________________ that is water soluble.

5. Soap! A soap molecule. The grey, red, and white spheres represent ______________, _____________, and _______________ atoms, respectively. The sodium ion near the negatively charged oxygen atoms is ______________________-. The head is the sodium or potassium salt of an ______________________.

6. How do you make a soap molecule? _____________________ contains them, chemically bound to a small three-armed molecule called _______________. The links between each of the _____________ molecules and the _______________ are easily broken in a ___________________ solution: Animal Fat ‘glycerol’

7. This reaction was used to make ________ by treating animal fat with _____________ (which contain a high concentration of _________________________________) long before the chemistry of the process was understood. + 3 NaOH + 3 RCOO- Na+

8. Now, write the Formation of Soap in YOUR OWN words from fat and NaOH!