1. Anusorn Cherdthong, PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748 Metabolism of Nutrients in Stomach and Intestine

2. Introduction Metabolism:  Catabolism: large  small molecule and receiving ATP  Anabolism: small  large molecule and spend ATP, NADPH

3. Metabolism in stomach Carbohydrate: overview  Mouth:  -amylase  Teeth  Esophagus  Stomach: no amylase  Small/large intestine: enzymes  Rectal: excretion

5. Metabolism in stomach Wanapat et al. (2013)

6. Metabolism in stomach Carbohydrate: Rumen metabolism  poly  mono saccharide: extracellular microbial enzyme:  Cellulose—cellobiose  Hemicellulose—cellobiose  Pectin—methanol and pectic acid  Mono saccharide  pyruvate  Pyruvate---VFA, CH4  C2, C3 and C4

7. Metabolism in stomach McDonald et al. (2011) Carbohydrate: Rumen metabolism

8. Metabolism in stomach McDonald et al. (2011) VFV synthesis in rumen

9. Metabolism in stomach Protein: overview in stomach  Gastrin hormone  HCl excretion: low pH (2.0)  Pepsinogen excretion: proenzyme for peptide degrade

10. Metabolism in stomach Protein: Rumen  Proteiolytic microorganism  Bacteria  Protozoa  Fungi McDonald et al. (2011)

11. Metabolism in stomach Lipid: overview in stomach  No digest in non ruminant stomach  Ruminant act by rumen microbes by:  Hydrolysis  Hydrogenation  Isomerization

12. Metabolism in intestine Carbohydrate:  Require enzyme for pancreases:   -amylase   -glucosidase  Maltase   -dextrinase

13. Metabolism in intestine Protein metabolism in small intestine: Modified from Cunningham (1992)

14. Metabolism in intestine Protein metabolism in small intestine: Modified from Cunningham (1992)

15. Metabolism in intestine Lipid metabolism in small intestine:  Triacyl glycerol  Required bile salt as emulsifier  Excreate cholecystokinin and secretin  Formulation of mixed micelle for transfer and absorption  Bile recycle when reaction finished  Required pancreatic lipase

16. Metabolism in intestine Lipid: Absorption  Chylomicron: lipoprotein  Via lymph system--- blood---tissue  Metabolism in liver, storage Nelson and Cox (2000)

17. Metabolism in large intestine:  A few metabolism in this part  Digest some cellulose by-pass  Work by bacteria  Re-absorption of nutrients  Essential for equine: fiber digestion

18. Conclusion 1 2 3 Metabolism of nutrient in stomach Utilization of nutrient in different animal al species Metabolism of nutrient in intestine

19. Thank you!