1. Globus Virtual Workspaces HEPiX Fall 2007, St Louis Kate Keahey Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago keahey@mcs.anl.gov

2. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Why Virtual Workspaces? l Quality of Service u We get: batch-style provisioning l One size fits all l Side-effect of job scheduling u We need: advance reservations, urgent computing, periodic, best-effort, and others l Separation of job scheduling and resource management l E.g. workflow-based apps and batch apps have different needs l Quality of Life u We have: I have a 100 nodes I cannot use u Complex applications l Hard to install l Require validation u Separation of environment preparation and resources leasing

3. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org What are Virtual Workspaces? l A dynamically provisioned environment u Environment definition: we get exactly the (software) environment we need on demand. u Resource allocation: Provision the resources the workspace needs (CPUs, memory, disk, bandwidth, availability), allowing for dynamic renegotiation to reflect changing requirements and conditions. l Implementation u Traditional means: publishing, automated configuration, coarse-grained enforcement u Virtual Machines: encapsulated configuration and fine-grained enforcement Paper: Virtual Workspaces: Achieving Quality of Service and Quality of Life in the Grid

4. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Virtual Machines (Xen) l Open source l Paravirtualization u The Good: high-performance u The Bad: difficult to run proprietary OSs, and to mix 32-bit and 64-bit kernels (VT needed) l Xen terminology: u Domain0 (the host), u DomainU (user domain, the guest) LXVU SPEC INT2000 (score) LXVU Linux build time (s) LXVU OSDB-OLTP (tup/s) LXVU SPEC WEB99 (score) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Benchmark suite running on Linux (L), Xen (X), VMware Workstation (V), and UML (U)

5. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Deploying Workspaces Remotely Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Workspace -Workspace metadata -Pointer to the image -Logistics information -Deployment request -CPU, memory, node count, etc. VWS Service

6. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Interacting with Workspaces Pool node Trusted Computing Base (TCB) Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node The workspace service publishes information on each workspace as standard WSRF Resource Properties. Users can query those properties to find out information about their workspace (e.g. what IP the workspace was bound to) Users can interact directly with their workspaces the same way the would with a physical machine. VWS Service

7. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Workspace Service Components Pool node Trusted Computing Base (TCB) Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node Pool node VWS Service Workspace WSRF front-end that allows clients to deploy and manage virtual workspaces Resource manager for a pool of physical nodes Deploys and manages Workspaces on the nodes Contextualization creates a common context for a virtual cluster Each node must have a VMM (Xen) installed, as well as the workspace control program that manages individual nodes Workspace back-end:

8. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Workspace Service Components l GT4 WSRF front-end u Leverages GT core and services, notifications, security, etc. u Follows the OGF WS-Agreement provisioning model l Publishes available lease terms u Provides lease descriptions l Workspace Resource Manager (back-end) u Currently focused on Xen u Works with multiple Resource Managers u Workspace Control l Contextualization u Put the virtual appliance in its deployment context l Current release 1.3, available at: u http://workspace.globus.org http://workspace.globus.org

9. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Workspace Resource Managers l Default resource manager (basic slot fitting) u Commercial datacenter technology would also fit l Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) u EC2: Selling cycles as Xen VMs u Software similar to Workspace Service l No virtual clusters, contextualization, fine-grain allocations, etc. u Grid credential admission -> EC2 charging model u STAR: 100 node VM run

10. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Virtual Workspaces for STAR l STAR image configuration u A virtual cluster composed of an OSG headnode and STAR worker nodes l Using the workspace service over EC2 to provision resources u Allocations of up to 100 nodes u Dynamically contextualized for out-of-the-box cluster

11. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Workspace Resource Managers l Default resource manager (basic slot fitting) u Commercial datacenter technology would also fit l Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) u EC2: Selling cycles as Xen VMs u Software similar to Workspace Service l No virtual clusters, contextualization, fine-grain allocations, etc. u Grid credential admission -> EC2 charging model u STAR: 100 node VM run l Workspace Pilot u Integrating VMs into current provisioning models l Long-term solutions u Interleaving soft and hard leases u Providing better articulated leasing models u Developed in the context of existing schedulers

12. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Providing Resources: The Workspace Pilot l Challenge: find the simplest way to integrate VMs into current provisioning models l Glide-ins (Condor): poor mans resource leasing u Best-effort semantics: submit a job pilot that claims resources but does not run a job l The Workspace Pilot u Resources booted to dom0 u Pilot adjusts memory u VWS leases slots to VMs u Kill-all facility

13. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Workspace Control l VM control u Starting, stopping etc. u To be replaced by Xen API l Integrating into the network u Assigning MAC addresses and IP addresses u DHCP Delivery tool u Building up a trusted networking layer l VM image propagation l Image management and reconstruction u creating blank partitions l Talks to the workspace service via ssh

14. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Security Issues l Secure admission of appliances/workspaces u The appliance vendor configures the appliance, asserts its properties and signs them to the appliance l Security and other updates, configuration and versioning assertions, disallowing offsite root access, etc. u The appliance deployer validates the signature and matches the assertions to policies u SC05 Poster: Making your workspace secure: establishing trust with VMs in the Grid l Secure networking u Controlling spoofing u Isolating networks between different VM groups u Traffic monitoring

15. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org So -- youve deployed some VMs… Now what? l Do they have public IP addresses? l Do they actually represent something useful? u I need an OSG cluster: l How do the VMs find out about each other? l Can they share storage? l Do they have host certificates? u And gridmapfile? u And all the other things that will integrate them into my VO?

16. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org l Challenge: what is a virtual cluster? u A more complex virtual machine l Networking, shared storage, etc. that will be portable across sites and implementations u Available at the same time and sharing a common context u Example: l A set of worker nodes with some edge services in front and NFS-based shared storage l Solution: management of ensembles and sharing u Ensemble deployment, EPR management u Flexible, configurable cluster deployment u Networking l Edge Services have public IPs l Worker nodes are on a private network shared with the Edge Services u Exporting and sharing a common context l Configuring and joining context Paper: Virtual Clusters for Grid Communities, CCGrid 2006 Virtual Clusters

17. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Contextualization l Challenge: Putting a VM in the deployment context of the Grid, site, and other VMs u Assigning and sharing IP addresses, name resolution, application- level configuration, etc. l Solution: Management of Common Context Paper: A Scalable Approach To Deploying And Managing Appliances, TeraGrid conference 2007 u Configuration-dependent l provides&requires u Common understanding between the image vendor and deployer u Mechanisms for securely delivering the required information to images across different implementations contextualization agent Common Context IP hostname pk

18. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Where Do VM Images Come From? l Appliance providers u Appliance providers configure, manage, attest images u Contextualization: collaboration between appliance vendors and appliance deployers l Appliance providers u rPath l Recipe-style configuration (create a project, choose packages, cook, build the software appliance_ l Freely available online, many appliances l http://www.rpath.com/rbuilder/ http://www.rpath.com/rbuilder/ u Bcfg2 l Incrementally constructed configuration profiles l Configuration analysis capabilities l http://trac.mcs.anl.gov/projects/bcfg2

19. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Image Management l Image partitions u Efficiency u Security u Flexibility l Partition management on deployment u Partition caching and generation u Partition sharing u Mounting System Layer Customization Layer Application Layer VO Layer

20. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Workspace Ecosystem Resource Providers: Local clusters, Grid resource providers (TeraGrid, OSG) Commercial providers: EC2, Sun, slicehost, Provisioning a resource, not a platform Appliance Providers: OSFarm, rPath, CohesiveFT, bcfg2, etc. marketplaces of all kinds Virtual Organizations: configuration, attestation, maintenance Middleware: appliances --> resources manage appliance deployment Combining networks and storage VWSEC2In-Vigo

21. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Parting Thoughts l VMs are the raw materials from which a working system can be built u But we still have to build it! u Technical challenges: taking one step at a time u Social/procedural challenges l Division of labor u Resource providers u Appliance providers u Can we build trust between these two groups? l If you have a specific problem, give us a call: u http://workspace.globus.org http://workspace.globus.org l In our copious spare time we also do research u Migration, fine-grained enforcement, resource management, load balancing, migration in time, lots of one-offs… u VTDC07 (co-located with SC07)

22. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Acknowledgements l Workspace team: u Kate Keahey u Tim Freeman u Borja Sotomayor l Funding u NSF SDCI Missing Links u NSF CSR Virtual Playgrounds u DOE CEDPS Project l With thanks to many collaborators: u Jerome Lauret (STAR, BNL), Doug Olson (STAR, LBNL), Marty Wesley (rPath), Stu Gott (rPath), Ken Van Dine (rPath), Predrag Buncic (Alice, CERN), Haavard Bjerke (CERN), Rick Bradshaw (Bcfg2, ANL), Narayan Desai (Bcfg2, ANL), Duncan Penfold-Brown (Atlas,uvic), Ian Gable (Atlas, uvic), David Grundy (Atlas, uvic), Ti Leggit (University of Chicago), Greg Cross (University of Chicago), Mike Papka (University of Chicago/ANL)

23. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Running jobs : 300 PDSF Fermi VWS/EC2BNL Running jobs : 230 Running jobs : 150 Running jobs : 50 Running jobs : 150 Running jobs : 300Running jobs : 282Running jobs : 243Running jobs : 221Running jobs : 195Running jobs : 140Running jobs : 76Running jobs : 0 Running jobs : 200 Running jobs : 50 Running jobs : 150Running jobs : 142Running jobs : 124Running jobs : 109Running jobs : 94Running jobs : 73Running jobs : 42 Running jobs : 195Running jobs : 183Running jobs : 152Running jobs : 136Running jobs : 96Running jobs : 54Running jobs : 37Running jobs : 0 Running jobs : 42Running jobs : 39Running jobs : 34Running jobs : 27Running jobs : 21Running jobs : 15Running jobs : 9Running jobs : 0 Job Completion : File Recovery : WSU with thanks to Jerome Lauret and Doug Olson of the STAR project

24. 11/7/07, HEPiXVirtual Workspaces: http://workspace.globus.org Nersc PDSF EC2 (via Workspace Service) WSU Accelerated display of a workflow job state Y = job number, X = job state with thanks to Jerome Lauret and Doug Olson of the STAR project