1. SAVE: AN INTERVENTION TO PREVENT SCHOOL VIOLENCE BASED ON THE EDUCATION OF CONVIVENCIA Rosario Ortega Córdoba University Spain

2. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain The concept of convivencia Convivencia is a very popular Spanish word employed in legal, community and institutional contexts. Convivencia means living together, sharing activities and life on a day-to day basis, with the guarantee that nobody is attacked or intimidated. Culturally it has a positive value, recognising that people look for the sharing of well-being. In the legal sphere: respect for the rights of others In the legal sphere: respect for the rights of others At an institutional level: the welfare of the whole community At an institutional level: the welfare of the whole community In the psychological field: feelings of empathy and happiness to be with others including pro-social attitudes and behaviour In the psychological field: feelings of empathy and happiness to be with others including pro-social attitudes and behaviour

3. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain Labels used to nominate Bullying and Violence in Spain Words used by students: Words used by students: abuse, mistreatment, hitting, bothering, making my life impossible abuse, mistreatment, hitting, bothering, making my life impossible Words used by parents: Words used by parents: rejection, bothering, abuse, mistreatment, selfishness rejection, bothering, abuse, mistreatment, selfishness Words used by teachers: Words used by teachers: indiscipline, conflict, aggression, bad behaviour indiscipline, conflict, aggression, bad behaviour General expression used by society: General expression used by society: school violence school violence Despite no common criteria for naming school violence problems, in Spain, preventative action against these problems have been developed based on the concept of convivencia.

4. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain School Convivencia School Convivencia concerns everyone in the school community : teachers, students, family and society School Convivencia concerns everyone in the school community : teachers, students, family and society SAVE project was the pioneer of using this specific whole policy model SAVE project was the pioneer of using this specific whole policy model SAVE project was designed as a whole policy and included improving School Convivencia SAVE project was designed as a whole policy and included improving School Convivencia

5. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain SAVE project From the most socially and economically deprived areas of Sevilla metropolitan area 26 Schools (Primary and Secondary) were surveyed From the most socially and economically deprived areas of Sevilla metropolitan area 26 Schools (Primary and Secondary) were surveyed 4,914 Students, between 8-18 years old 4,914 Students, between 8-18 years old Only 10 Schools implemented the SAVE programmes Only 10 Schools implemented the SAVE programmes 5 Schools (3 Primary, 2 Secondary) were evaluated as the experimental group and were compared with 4 as the control group. 5 Schools (3 Primary, 2 Secondary) were evaluated as the experimental group and were compared with 4 as the control group.

6. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain SAVE main data: Bullying and the risk of violence

7. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain ANTI-BULLYING INTERVENTION RELATIONSHIP DEFINING SCHOOL CONVIVENCIA Rosario Ortega & Rosario Del Rey B VA BULLYING AND INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE

8. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain SAVE Project Focussing on bullying and interpersonal violence prevention, SAVE aims to improve School Convivencia through: Training teachers in service programmes Training teachers in service programmes Working on curricular issues: Working on curricular issues: Working to improve interpersonal peer relationships Working to improve interpersonal peer relationships Feelings, attitudes and values as part of the curriculum Feelings, attitudes and values as part of the curriculum Co-operative work on learning activities Co-operative work on learning activities Intervention with students at risk and involved in bullying or interpersonal violence Intervention with students at risk and involved in bullying or interpersonal violence Working with bullies Working with bullies Working with victims Working with victims

9. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain Implementation processes of SAVE project Three conditions for a school to undertake the SAVE network Three conditions for a school to undertake the SAVE network –The involvement of the School Counsellor, Head teacher and at least 4 teachers –Each school developed their own programmes within the convivencia model –Each programme had to be accepted by the CEP (Centre for Training teachers in Service) Only 10 Schools maintained these conditions during the 3 years of the implementation of SAVE

10. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain Evaluation SAVE Schools: Victims and bullies decreased on both measures: Victims and bullies decreased on both measures: –Pre-Post Evaluation –Experimental versus control evaluation Non-involved pupils increased Non-involved pupils increased General feelings of Convivencia increased. increased tolerance, empathy, co-operation and social skills, as good examples of convivencia Peer relations improved: increased tolerance, empathy, co-operation and social skills, as good examples of convivencia

11. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain EVALUATION RESULTS PRE-POST TEST Rosario Ortega & Rosario Del Rey

12. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain EVALUATION RESULTS EXPERIMENTAL VERSUS CONTROL Rosario Ortega & Rosario Del Rey

13. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SAVE PROGRAMMES General feelings of Convivencia improved as a consequence of the SAVE programmes, in the opinion of 17.5% of students at the SAVE Schools General feelings of Convivencia improved as a consequence of the SAVE programmes, in the opinion of 17.5% of students at the SAVE Schools Convivencia in terms of peer relations improved as a consequence of the SAVE programmes in the opinion of 71.5% of the students Convivencia in terms of peer relations improved as a consequence of the SAVE programmes in the opinion of 71.5% of the students Reducing bullying as a consequence of the SAVE programmes was observed only by 18.0% of students at the SAVE Schools Reducing bullying as a consequence of the SAVE programmes was observed only by 18.0% of students at the SAVE Schools

14. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain Students Opinions on SAVE Programmes

15. Rosario Ortega.Cordoba University.Spain CONCLUSIONS SAVE was a whole policy project based on convivencia as part of the Spanish Schools Culture SAVE was a whole policy project based on convivencia as part of the Spanish Schools Culture Although bullying and interpersonal violence decreased, the best results of SAVE were in increasing the levels of peer relations and convivencia Although bullying and interpersonal violence decreased, the best results of SAVE were in increasing the levels of peer relations and convivencia Students who were involved in the SAVE project perceived working directly with victims and bullies as the best way to reduce bullying problems at school. Students who were involved in the SAVE project perceived working directly with victims and bullies as the best way to reduce bullying problems at school. We need more work in order to know how whole policy models cope with bully-victim problems. We need more work in order to know how whole policy models cope with bully-victim problems.