1. Juan Pablo Gómez Jáuregui Abdó Department of Ecosystems and Environmental Informatics Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus 1 Lehrstuhl Ökosysteme und Umweltinformatik

2. Introduction Definition of the problem Research questions Research hypothesis Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions 2

3. According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, sustainable development (SD) is defined as: „Development that can meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs“ „A nation is achieving SD if it is undergoing a pattern of development that improves the total quality of life of every citizen, both now and into the future, while ensuring its rate of resource use doesn‘t exceed the regenerative and waste assimilative capacities of the natural environment“ (Lawn et al. 2006) 3

4. 4

5. Composite indices (CI) are aggregated set of variables into a single value and are used for ranking case studies performances of one location (regions, countries, cities, etc.) against those of others, as well as evaluate performance over time; and for setting policy objectives (Blanc et al. 2008) A composite index is able to transform large number of data and other indicators into usable information for decision makers (van Dijk et al. 2004) 5

6.  Selection of indicators  To determine the transformation function  To determine the indicators weights  To determine the aggregation function 6

7. 7 Mexico

8. 8 Jalisco

9. 9  The city of Guadalajara is the second biggest city in Mexico and the third in economical importance.

10. 10  Population: 4,095,853 inhabitants.  Surface: 544.7 Km 2.  The main sources of freshwater supply: ◦ Lake Chapala with 5.5 m 3 /s ◦ Subterranean wells with 4 m 3 /s ◦ Elias Gonzalez Chavez dam with 0.5 m 3 /s ◦ Total supply of the city of 10 m 3 /s The Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (MZG)

11. 11  The lagoon can store as maximum around 7900 cubic hectometers Lake Chapala

12. 12  Actual situation in the MZG: ◦ Water usage per capita in the MZG: 214 l/d. ◦ Total amount of water usage in the MZG per day: 876,512,5 m 3  10,14 m 3 /s ◦ Water usage by 2030  12,4 m 3 /s.  Expected problems for Guadalajara: ◦ Endanger of Lake Chapala. ◦ Severe problems of water availability. ◦ Air quality problems. ◦ Health problems.

13. 13  How can a composite index evaluate the sustainability of water usage at a local scale?  It is Guadalajara, nowadays, sustainable in its domestic water usage?

14. 14  A composite index can be generated in order to evaluate the sustainability of an specific resource, in this case domestic water consumption, at a local scale.  Based on the big amount of water consumption per capita and lack of water treatment, Guadalajara is unsustainable in its fresh water consumption.

15. 15  To develop a water composite index for sustainable urban domestic water usage.  To evaluate the sustainability of domestic water consumption in the MZG by a composite index.  To determine the sustainability level of the MZG.

16.  Indicators: 16 Sub-Indices (components). Headline Indicators Indicators EnvironmentWater Quantity Consumption per capita Total water availability per capita Water Quality Dissolved solids pH Turbidity Dissolved oxygen concentration Fecal Coliforms Lead Fluorides Mercury arsenic Nitrates Nitrites Amm.N Chlorides Benzene Pesticides

17.  Indicators: 17 Sub-Indices (components). Headline Indicators Indicators Social Water poverty % of population connected with water supply system. % of population connected to sewage system Poverty 1 - % of population living below Patrimonial Poverty Line 1 - Gini index of income inequality Civic participation % of population that use a water saving dispositive or implement at least one water saving method Economy Water economy Water company Income/Cost relation GDP GDP of the city. Water Infrastructure % of water loss in distribution vs. Total Water extracted % of water treated of total waste water produced % of treated wastewater reused.

18.  Normalization: ◦ Variables expressed in terms of percentages ◦ A ◦ Cpk (Process capability index) 18

19.  Cpk: 19

20.  Cpk: 20

21.  Aggregation method: ◦ Main Index: ◦ Sub indices: ◦ Water quality index: 21

22.  Weighting: ◦ Delphi Method:  Academic  NGOs  Water management entities 22

23.  Water availability (Lake Chapala): 23

24.  Water consumption per capita per day: 24

25.  Water quality: 25

26.  Percentage of total houses connected to water supply system & drainage: 26

27.  Gini Index, Percentage of population living in patrimonial poverty and GDP per capita: 27

28. 28

29.  Percentage of population that use a water saving dispositive or implement at least one water saving method:  65,33% 29

30.  Water company income & expenses: 30

31.  Percentage of water loss in distribution vs. total water extracted 31

32.  Percentage of water treated of total wastewater produced & Percentage of treated wastewater reused 32

33. 33

34.  Sustainability in domestic water consumption in the MZG 34

35. ◦ The City of Guadalajara can’t be considered sustainable in its domestic water consumption ◦ The trend is showing sustainability in Guadalajara is improving ◦ The main improvement aspects are:  Water treatment.  To reduce poverty and increasing equality.  To reduce the amount of water lost in the system.  To increase the use of water saving dispositives and methods. 35

36. ◦ The model can be used in a local scale; however, some socio-economical indicators are commonly measured for a regional or global scale. 36

37. 37