1. Group 12 Subterranean Fourier Transformers Chris Springer, Andrew Duncan, and Adam Kassar

2.  Problem Statement  Needs  Project Background  Overall Architecture  Level Zero Architecture  Level One Architecture  Major Technologies  Creative Aspects  Challenges to System Development  Outcomes  Conclusion

3.  Meet a clearly articulated need to save the lives of trapped miners during mining incidents  Continue the work of current and past EE 480/481 groups

4.  Statistical Support  Coal Mine Fatality Statistics  Coal Mine Fatality Rate Plot  Psychological Impact  Trapped situation due to mine collapse burdens the miners  Example ▪ PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)  Communications device proposed reduces amount of time trapped underground

5. YearMinersFatalitiesYearMinersFatalitiesYearMinersFatalities 1982241,4541221992153,128552002110,96628 1983200,199701993141,183472003104,82430 1984208,1601251994143,645452004108,73428 1985197,049681995132,111472005116,43623 1986185,167891996126,451392006122,97547 1987172,780631997126,429302007122,93634 1988166,278531998122,083292008133,82830 1989164,929681999114,489352009134,08918 1990168,625662000108,098382010135,50048 1991158,677612001114,458422011143,43721

7.  Meet safety regulations  All MSHA CFR 30 Standards  Rugged  Must be able to withstand impacts and physical abuse  Compact/Lightweight  Miners must be able to carry a large amount of equipment into cramped areas  Low Power  Unsafe for high power signal broadcasting  Ensures long battery life

8.  Communicating with miners is as old of a problem as the occupation itself  No two-way underground-surface communication system currently exists

9.  Two way through the earth communication is not possible with current technology  High radio frequencies (RF) scatter when propagating through the Earth’s crust  Wide band transmissions are below the noise floor and thus non-detectable  Proposed Solution  Spread Spectrum at Ultra Low Frequencies (ULF)

10. Durkin, John. "Assessmentment of Present Electromagnetic Techniques for the Location of Trapped Miners." 1980.

11.  Current Technologies approved by MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration)  Walkie-Talkies  Leaky Feeder Communication Systems  Mine Page Phones  RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Tracking Systems  PED (Personal Emergency Device)

12.  Chilean mine collapse of 2010  33 miners trapped underground  Took 17 days to find them ▪ Why?

13.  Overall Architecture  Level Zero Architecture  Level One Architecture  Level Two Architecture  Use Case  User Interface Specification  Keypad  LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Screen  Dataflow Diagram  State Transition Diagram  Circuit Diagram

21.  Magister  Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware used to interface other cards with a PC via USB

22.  Janus  Analog-to-Digital converter  Digital-to-Analog converter

23.  Use Existing Open Source HAM Radio Software/Hardware  PowerSDR  GNURadio  Janus/Magister Cards  Digital Signal Processing Algorithm  Spread spectrum  Detect low-power signals at Ultra Low Frequencies

24.  Low power  Ultra Low Frequency  Needed for through the earth propagation  Product Size  Mine Safety and Health Standards  Completing project on time

25.  Lab bench prototype  Able to send and receive ASCII characters  Operate in an electrically-noisy environment

26. TaskWeek Number in Semester 2 12345678910111213141516 Crash course on related technologies (languages, hardware usage) Review/Understand previous work Implement Signal Processing Algorithim Implement Spread Spectrum Design Implement Sending Implement Receiving Lab bench testing Actual Testing Verfication Testing Error fixing

27. NamePriceQuantity Possession Status Janus Board NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us Metis Board NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us Atlas Board NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us Power Supply Unit NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us SDR 1000 NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us

28.  The digital signal processing portion of the project will be the central focus of our work  A lab bench prototype is anticipated to be produced by the end of our work and fully tested  Transmit and Receive from both ends of the prototype