1. Air Pollution as a Research Topic Lea Serres

2. Need Human longevity increases with cleaner air (Pope, 2009) Ozone pollution greater now(Wiley- Blackwell 2008)

3. Forced Expiratory Volume After Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (Gauderman, 2004)

4. Negative Effects 20 percent tree reduction in 2100 (Wiley – Blackwell 2008) Tree density on a Gradual Decline

5. Decrease in Mean Density of Trees (Carr, 2008)

6. Organisms at Risk Due to Air Pollution Air pollution affects other organisms than humans Birds, amphibians, and coral also affected (Wiley- Blackwell 2008)

7. Organisms at Risk Due to Air Pollution Wiley- Blackwell, 2008)

8. Financial Effects 15 billion dollars spent on environmental investments in 2000 (Michaels, 2007) Cost of air pollution continually rising since 1980’s (Castagno, 2005)

9. Human Effects Negative effects on human lungs (Kelly, 2008) People with respiratory disease experience worsening symptoms (Kelly, 2008)

10. Increased Lung Cancer Risk 1800 men exposed to moderate air pollution (Begany, 2006) 418 developed lung cancer (Begany, 2006)

11. Dr. Singh Composition and chemistry of atmosphere Prominent field- chemical engineering Goal- understand human impact on environment

12. Dr. Guaderman Working on determining health outcomes of environmental exposures Works with Children’s health studies

13. Nitrogen Dioxide Studies Inoue, Fukunaga, Okubo Test- lethal properties, mutagenic effects Model organism- Drosophila melanogaster

14. Drosophila Melanogaster Short lifespan, cheap, small Sexing, and synchronization necessary

15. Purpose The purpose of this experiment would be to test the effects that Nitrogen Dioxide has on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster in progressive concentrations.

16. Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis- Increased levels of nitrogen dioxide would have an effect on the longevity of the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster

17. Methodology Control Group- No Nitrogen Dioxide (N=60) V1- 10 mg Nitrogen Dioxide (N=60) V2- 20 mg Nitrogen Dioxide (N=60) V3- 30 mg Nitrogen Dioxide (N=60) V4- 40 mg Nitrogen Dioxide (N=60) V5- 50 mg Nitrogen Dioxide (N=60) Fed Artificial Drosophila Medium Sexed and Synchronized Daily Male- dead counted for longevity data Female- dead counted for longevity data Data graphed and analyzed using one way ANOVA scheffe post hoc test

18. Budget VendorCatalog Number ItemQuantityUnit PriceTotal PriceSpeical Vendor Info Thomas Scientific 7851n40Nitrogen Dioxide Kit 1$95.10 thomassci. com- 1-800-345- 2100 Carolina172781Extra Large Drosophila Culture 1$18.95 Carolina173202Formula 4- 24 Instant Medium- Plain 4L 1$18.95 Carolina173120Drosophila Culture Vials- 12 Pack 3$7.50$22.50 Carolina173122Drosophila Vial Plugs- 12 pack 3$4.30$12.90 Carolina173125Drosophila Vial Caps- 12 Pack 3$3.95$11.85

19. Bibliography Pope, C. Arden. 2009, January 22. Americans Owe Five Months Of Their Lives To Cleaner Air. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2009. Wiley – Blackwell. 2008, December 10. Surface-Level Ozone Pollution Set To Reduce Tree Growth 10% By 2100. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2009. Michaels, Patricia A. Air Pollution Statistics. Last updated 2009, Copyright 2007. Green Nature.com. Retrieved May 1st, 2009. Czech, Eric. October 7, 2008. Dr. Hanwant B. Singh. NASA Ames Research Center. Retrieved May 1st, 2009. Kelly, Robert B. April 2008. Air Pollution. Family Doctor. Retrieved May 4th, 2009. Hecht, Barbara K. Hecht, Frederick. September 8, 2004. Air Pollution Stunts Kids’ Lungs. Healthy Kids and Pediatrics. Retrieved May 6th, 2009. Begany, Timothy. 2006. Air Pollution Increases Lung Cancer Risk. Pulmonary Reviews. Retrieved May 6th, 2009. Thomas, DC. 1997. W. James Gauderman, Ph.D. School of Medicine of USC. Manning, Gerard. Last update: Oct 1, 2006. A Quick and Simple Introduction to Drosophila melanogaster. Ceolas. Retrieved May 18, 2009. Encyclopedia Americana. Carr, Nicholas. Volume 1, Page 386-388. Copyright 2006. Air Pollution and its Effects. Encyclopedia Britannica. Carr, Nicholas. Volume 17, Page 651. Copyright 2005. Study in Atmospheric Sciences. Encyclopedia Britannica. Castagno, Joseph P. Volume 13, page 536. Copyright 2005. Measurement of Air Pollution. Animals Without Backbones. Buchsbaum, Ralph. Cambridge University. 1948. Retrieved May 7th, 2009.