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Invigilators – conducting the exams series

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1 Invigilators – conducting the exams series
Tips for presenters: Recording the date you last reviewed, edited or delivered the presentation will help ensure it remains up to date. Please note: the information contained in this presentation is based on JCQ regulations for general qualifications. Refer to JCQ publication Instructions for conducting examinations (ICE) to ensure the content is in line with current regulation standards, available at: Click on Exams Office and then Instructions for conducting examinations. Ensure there is room on handouts for invigilators to make notes. Decide if you want to include an agenda for the day.

2 User guide This PowerPoint presentation has been created to assist you in delivering training to invigilators. You can pick and choose which slides you wish to use in your training material. The presentation is divided into four sections: centre-specific information generic content new invigilators experienced invigilators. All slides can be edited and the slides indicate where you should insert centre-specific information. The notes section of each slide provide information that may be useful in preparing your presentation. These can be removed or edited as speaker notes for presenters. Please delete this slide from your final presentation. Note: where there are references in the notes pages to case studies and information on the QCDA and JCQ websites, you will need to copy and past the website address into the address bar of your internet browser.

3 Editing To insert a picture or logo go to the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click From File. In the Insert Picture dialog box, locate and select the graphics file you want to import. You can import graphics files in a wide variety of formats—for example, files with the extensions .bmp, .wmf, .gif, and .jpg. To resize the picture, click on the picture and then position the mouse pointer over one of the sizing handles. To increase or decrease the size in one or more directions, drag the sizing handle away from or towards the centre holding the mouse down. To position the picture click on the centre of the image. The mouse will become an arrowed cross. Holding down the left hand button drag the image to the desired position. If the image is obscured by text, right click on the image to reveal the Format menu. From here select Order, Bring to the Front. Please delete this slide from your final presentation.

4 Welcome Today’s presentation is designed to give you the tools, knowledge and experience needed to successfully invigilate an exams series. This is also an opportunity to meet your colleagues and key members of staff. In your handout pack you will find support materials to help you on your way. Please feel free to ask questions at any time throughout the presentation. Please note: JCQ ICE regulations (section 6.3) explain that invigilators must be appropriately trained.

5 Our centre [REPLACE WITH CENTRE NAME]
The following four slides should be completed with appropriate details about your centre.

6 Our centre [PLEASE INSERT CENTRE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION UNDER THE
FOLLOWING HEADINGS] Type of exams Who’s who Identification badges Dress code Signing in and out – start times Payroll information Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) arrangements Evacuation procedures Parking arrangements Teamwork Suggested content: Insert centre specific information We are a <insert type> exam centre. Who’s Who in the exams office – introduce the team and provide names, locations, phone numbers and s in a summary take-away information sheet if necessary. ID for invigilators – this may be an identity badge with a photograph. An explanation of how invigilators can obtain this can be included here. Dress code – we encourage all our invigilators to wear professional/smart dress. Shoes must have soft soles and make no noise. Signing in and out procedure to meet Health and Safety regulations. Make it clear what is paid/unpaid time for invigilators. Salary claim forms / submission and authorisation: Explain how to complete and submit timesheets or salary claim forms, and who to obtain authorisation from. Payroll deadline dates and the dates when payment can be expected. Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) arrangements – the decision to run a CRB check on a person lies with the centre. Where it is possible that the person may be in sole charge of a child under the age of 18 at any time, a CRB check would be advisable. Where a person is simply handing out and retrieving papers and will never be in sole charge of a child under the age of 18, it may not be necessary. Evacuation Procedures – JCQ ICE booklet require that invigilators are aware of policies and procedures relating to emergency evacuation and medication, especially where they relate to candidates with a disability. The main points can be summarised on the following slide, and a copy could be included in any take-away summary sheet from the presentation. Co-operation and teamwork –it is not always possible to predict how long an examination session will last so invigilators need to be flexible. Advise invigilators to discuss this at the beginning of the exam session.

7 Evacuation procedures
Stop candidates from writing. Make a note of the time the exam was stopped. Collect the attendance register. Advise candidates to leave all papers, scripts and belongings in the room and to leave the room calmly in silence – candidates must not talk to each other. Await further instructions. Remember – health and safety is paramount The centre evacuation procedure can be found at: [PLEASE INSERT DETAILS] Candidates returning to the exam room will be allowed the full time allocated exam time.

8 Exam details [INSERT CENTRE’S EXAM STARTING TIMES – AM/PM]
[INSERT TYPES OF EXAMS INVIGILATORS WILL CONDUCT] Invigilator responsibilities – before, during and after the exam. Clash candidates. Times of exam sessions at the centre –refer to official start times as per JCQ regulations. Types of exams – the range of exams offered by the centre. Invigilator responsibilities - how invigilation is organised at your centre. This section might include: Invigilator briefings the allocation of readers/scribes particular roles such as lead invigilator the importance of teamwork what is/is not allowed in terms of food and drink for candidates, comfort breaks. Invigilator responsibilities before exam starts. Provide information about the secure collection of exam papers. Clashes and supervision – include you centre’s procedure for managing clash candidates. Explain what a ‘clash candidate’ is, ie candidates with two or more exams timetabled at the same time. Clash candidates’ exams need to be rescheduled and have to be supervised at all times during any breaks between exams. The JCQ ICE regulations (section 2) explain the time-tabling of exams, and offers an example of exam supervision arrangements for candidates with more than one paper scheduled in a session.

9 Generic content The following nine slides contain information you may wish to include in presentations to new and experienced invigilators.

10 Candidate identification
Written exams – [INSERT CENTRE PROCEDURE] On-screen exams – [INSERT CENTRE PROCEDURE] External or transferred candidates – [INSERT CENTRE PROCEDURE] This is particularly, and increasingly, important where candidates entered in the exam are not from your centre. JCQ ICE regulations (section 7) give instructions regarding the identification of candidates and emphasises the need to see documentary evidence of identity from private, external or transferred candidates. Some centres use a member of staff to ID students whereas others issue ID cards – insert your centre’s process above.

11 The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)
Discrimination can occur by treating disabled candidates less favourably than others, or by failing to make a reasonable adjustment when they are placed at a substantial disadvantage to others. The Disability Equalities Duty came into force on 4 December It required all public bodies including schools to look at ways of ensuring that disabled people are treated equally under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA). It required them to ensure that disabled learners are always treated fairly and equally. These provisions are now contained in the Equality Act 2010 which received royal assent in April 2010. [LIST SPECIFIC ARRANGEMENTS/ISSUES FOR THE CENTRE]. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. The QCDA website has supporting information about the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), including a quiz, that can be used in your invigilator training material. Go to The provision for adjustments to exam arrangements is designed to reduce/remove unfair disadvantage. These are known access arrangements: modified test papers (enlarged print or Braille) extra time a reader or scribe supervised rest breaks different coloured scripts or overlays use of a bilingual dictionary, a prompter use of a computer or other technology use of an individual room. Please list and discuss specific arrangements for your centre including, how to communicate with disabled candidates, emergency evacuation procedures and how to ask for help Tip: The JCQ ICE regulations contain a checklist for heads of centres and exam officers about the DDA.

12 Access arrangements and special consideration
Access arrangements are pre-exam arrangements made on behalf of a candidate with specific needs. For example, an extra time allowance, use of a reader, scribe, word processor or modified question paper. Special consideration - a post exam adjustment made to the candidate’s mark by the awarding body as a result of temporary injury, illness or indisposition at the time of the exam. The invigilator’s role is to keep a record of events. This information may be required by the awarding body when processing applications for special consideration. Candidates with access arrangements will be marked on the seating plan. Invigilators must understand the rules for prompters, readers and scribes. The range of access arrangements includes: extra time, reader, scribe, bilingual translation dictionaries, enlarged papers, transcript of papers, supervised rest break, use of word processor. Candidates who qualify for access arrangements will normally be situated away from the main exam venues (except those with extra time only). Special considerations may be given to candidates whose performance in the exam is affected by circumstances beyond their control, or candidates whose work is accidentally damaged It is important to explain to invigilators the particular access arrangements for candidates in your centre. For example, extra time candidates may be in a separate room, or grouped together. Access arrangements should be marked by the exams officer on the seating plan. Invigilators may be asked to act as a prompter. Additional roles for invigilators are listed in the JCQ ICE regulations for candidates with access arrangements.

13 On-screen testing Both JCQ ICE regulations and individual awarding body regulations apply for on-screen tests. Make sure you understand how to use the IT involved and have had all the training you need. Test time may be determined by a clock counting down on the candidate’s screen. In case of IT failure always summon help as necessary. Signed records of seating and invigilation must be kept. In emergencies speak to an exams officer who will consult awarding body guidelines. You may wish to direct invigilators to the following related guidance in the JCQ ICE regulations: Section technical help should be available throughout on-line tests in case of problems and to help with invigilation Section 5:12 - invigilation arrangements must facilitate detection of unauthorised activity. Section each work station must be isolated by a minimum 1.25m from the nearest screen unless monitors are back to back, or separated by dividers/privacy screens. Section 9:2 - separate awarding body requirements must be met for conducting the examinations, and must be consulted for subject specific instructions regarding accommodating large numbers of candidates. Section 2:1 - downloading software and test/examination materials. Section 6:3 - at least one invigilator for 15 candidates should be provided but further invigilators provided at the exams officer’s discretion. These may be changed, provided the number in the room does not fall below the required number. Section all exam material must be collected by the invigilator and safely stored. Centres must ensure that all candidates work is saved and is secure from unauthorised access. Invigilators should be aware that work may need to be printed off outside of the time allowed for the tests and must be supervised.

14 Modular exams [INSERT CENTRE PROCEDURE FOR MODULAR EXAMS]
Science practical tests – the teacher will be present at the start of the exam to assist candidates with technical difficulties and to support invigilation. For practical tests there must be at least one invigilator for every 15 candidates at all times. The JCQ ICE regulations (section 6.3) state that for Science practical tests, there must be at least one invigilator for every 15 candidates at all times. The teacher of the subject will also be present at the start of the test to deal with technical difficulties and to help with invigilation.

15 Malpractice Under exam conditions the use of unauthorised materials, copying or attempting to copy, escaping from supervision or collusion (ie cheating) is not permitted. Unauthorised materials include: mobile phones iPods or MP3 players food and drink (containers must be free from labels) Tippex or correction fluid gel pens. If a candidate is suspected of malpractice: warn the candidate of the penalties and sanctions an awarding body may impose record what has happened and retain evidence summon help if necessary. Action to be taken in the event of malpractice - minimise disruption, be decisive, record candidate number and the time of the incident and report it to the exams officer at the end of the exam. Take statements at the end of the exam to report to awarding body. Tip: JCQ ICE regulations (section 4) explain the resources which may be allowed in an examination. Section 3 explains the use of calculators and offers a specification for acceptable calculators. It also advises that invigilators may offer a replacement calculator. Food and drink are allowed at the discretion of the head of centre or through specific access arrangements. Some ‘must not’ examples include: a candidate MUST NOT borrow equipment from another candidate during the exam a teacher MUST NOT go into the exam room to read the question paper question papers MUST NOT be removed from the exam room until the end of the exam session.

16 Behaviour management Your role is to maintain the appropriate environment for the exam and to ensure that exams are conducted correctly. Invigilators must: Be vigilant and remain aware of emerging situations. Explain why you need to address a situation. Remain calm and professional at all times, do not raise your voice. Sympathise as appropriate, but be firm. Reinforce the rules – JCQ warning notices. Summon help as necessary. Our code of conduct can be found at: [INSERT LOCATION] Examples of behaviour management issues include: noise disturbing others – quietly approach the candidate, and ask them to stop noisy symptoms such as coughing or sneezing - summon help to arrange to place the candidate in a separate room if necessary a candidate who storms out of the exam room - candidates may not leave the room until one hour after the published start time. Follow candidate out if there are enough invigilators in the room to allow this. Calm the candidate down and attempt to persuade them to return to the exam room. If you this is not possible, invigilators should record the candidate’s name, the time, and the disruption.

17 Mobile phones [PLAY VIDEO CLIP – RINGTONE NIGHTMARE]
[INSERT CENTRE PROCEDURE FOR MOBILE PHONES] If a mobile phone rings during an exam: find it as quickly as possible, switch it off, and remove it from the exam room allow the exam to continue in the normal way (the exams officer will take any necessary disciplinary action when the exam is over). Don’t forget to switch off your own mobile phone (including any pre-set alarms) before the start of the exam! How to insert the Ringtone Nightmare video clip (.wmv file) in your PowerPoint presentation Before you start, you need to download the Ringtone Nightmare video clip from the NAA website. Go to naa.org.uk/naa_16434.aspx and right click on the video titled Ringtone Nightmare. Select Save target as and save the .wmv file on your desktop. To insert the Ringtone Nightmare video clip into your PowerPoint slide, click on the Insert menu and select Object then click on the radio button Create from file. Click browse to find the file on your desktop then select Display as icon and click OK. An icon titled ‘Ringtone Nightmare.wmv’ should now be displayed on your PowerPoint slide. To play the video clip, double click on the icon. Tip: check to see that the computer or laptop that you are running your slide show from has speakers otherwise your video clip may play with no sound. Refer to case studies on the QCDA website for examples of good practice.

18 JCQ inspection Every centre will receive a visit from a JCQ inspector during one of its exams series. Familiarise yourself with the JCQ ICE regulations. Be confident that you can identify all candidates. Be confident that you are maintaining the integrity of the exam at all times. Challenge anyone who enters the exams room. Do not view the inspector as an enemy – they should be seen as a professional colleague! The JCQ centre inspection service visits centres when exams are being held. JCQ ICE regulations (section 8:2) state that the JCQ centre inspection service and awarding body representatives have the right to visit centres during exams to inspect the arrangements made for the security of the exam material and for conducting the exams. Tip: The JCQ protocol for inspectors visiting exams centres during the exam period can be seen at:

19 For new invigilators The following 14 slides have been designed specifically for briefing new invigilators.

20 Today’s objectives To recognise the importance of, and have a clear understanding of, the invigilators role, and the kind of tasks you may be required to perform. Today’s session will cover: the role of invigilators exams procedures (before, during and after) how to manage candidate queries preventing and managing malpractice how to summon assistance.

21 What is an invigilator? As an invigilator you will:
ensure all candidates have an equal opportunity to do well ensure exams security before, during and after the exam prevent possible candidate malpractice prevent possible administration failures. In a written exam, there must be at least one invigilator for every 30 candidates at all times. In a practical exam or on-screen test, there must be at least one invigilator for every 15 candidates at all times. In defining the role, the JCQ ICE regulations (section 6) state that: “the invigilator is the person in the examination room responsible for conducting a particular examination session in the presence of the candidates” and that “Invigilators have a key role in upholding the integrity of the external examination/assessment process”. The JCQ ICE regulations (section 6.3) further state that all invigilators must be “suitably qualified and experienced adults” who must not be current students at the centre. Invigilators must not be related to candidates in the exam room. Discuss additional roles for invigilators include those connected with access arrangements. TIP: The JCQ ICE regulations contains a ‘Checklist for Invigilators’ which summarises essential actions for invigilating exams. Please encourage your invigilators to read this document.

22 Exam room set-up requirements
Displays and posters removed or covered. Desks must be at least 1.25 m apart. Seating plans identifying extra time candidates. Seating place cards. Clocks must be clearly visible and synchronised. Board with centre number and start and finish times displayed. Warning notices and mobile phone posters must be displayed. Erratum notices/special announcements on display. Notice to candidates must be in a prominent place outside the exams room. Registers/absence record available. Incident log available. Invigilation record available. Invigilator’s checklist available. JCQ ICE regulations and awarding body subject specific instructions. It is good practice for invigilators to get into the habit of checking their environment every time they enter an exam room to ensure that no unauthorised or inappropriate material is around, and that exam desks do not wobble! The JCQ ICE regulations (section 5) explain the requirements for any room in which an examination is to be accommodated. The JCQ ICE regulations (section 6.3 ) explain that signed copies of the seating plan, the invigilation arrangements and the centre’s copies of the attendance register must be kept for each examination. Invigilators should have adequate supplies of answer booklets, continuation paper, and other stationery. The JCQ ICE regulations (Appendix 2) contains exemplar ‘Warning to Candidates’ notices.

23 Before the exam starts There may be more than one exam happening at the same time. Check that you have the correct exam question papers and materials - these must be kept secure. If a candidate has been identified as requiring a modified question paper, check that the paper has been provided. Double check that the number of invigilators allocated is adequate for the expected number of candidates. Check your means of summoning assistance. [INSERT DETAILS] JCQ ICE regulations (section 5.19) explain that a number of exams may be in progress at one time in an exam room. Invigilators should record all times on the whiteboard. Invigilators will often have more than one start/finish time to deal with and must be vigilant. It is a good idea for two invigilators to check the timings.

24 Entering the exam room The exam is in progress as soon as candidates enter the room! Take the attendance register. Using the seating plan provided, seat candidates by candidate number in a ‘snake’ pattern. [INSERT CENTRE’S PROCEDURE FOR COATS AND BAGS] The following items are not permitted in the exam room: mobile phones iPods or MP3 players food and drink (containers must be free from labels) Tipex or correction fluid gel pens. Candidates must have clear plastic pencil cases. Know what to do when a candidate is absent. JCQ ICE regulations (section 10.1) state that an examination is treated as in progress from the time the candidates enter the room, until all the scripts have been collected. JCQ ICE regulations (section 5.18) state that candidates should normally be seated in candidate number order. JCQ ICE regulations (section 7) emphasise the importance of identifying candidates for examinations, and (section 7.2) explains that a private, external or transferred candidate who is not known to the school, college authorities or training provider must show documentary evidence to prove they are the same person who entered for the exam. JCQ ICE regulations (section 9.1) states that candidates may take into the exam room only those instruments or materials which are clearly allowed in the instructions on a question paper, the stationery list, or the specification for that subject. Food and drink are allowed in the exam room at the discretion of the head or centre or through specific access arrangements. Absentees – this differs from centre to centre. Some centres may have a member of staff in the room waiting for the list, others liaise directly with the exams officer. Explain your centre specific procedures

25 Once candidates are seated
Remind candidates that: they are under exam conditions mobile phones must be switched off and handed in. Open and hand out exam papers according to the seating plan the seating plan may be colour coded for different exam / tiers of entry [INSERT DETAILS OF CENTRE PROCEDURE] where exam papers are named, distribute to the correct candidates. Distribute the answer booklets and any other stationery required. The JCQ ICE regulations (section 10.3) list the invigilators’ duties before candidates are allowed to start work in an exam.

26 Starting the exam – checklist
Read out the instructions provided on the exam question papers. Ask candidates to check they have the right paper. Tell candidates to fill in all the details on the front of question papers/answer booklets. Advise candidates of the centre’s evacuation procedures. Remind candidates that they are not allowed to leave the exam room until one hour after the published start time. Read the JCQ starting announcement (or centre-specific announcement). Complete the attendance register in pencil in case of late arrivals. Arrange for absentees to be contacted. Write start and finish times clearly on the board provided, including extra time allowances. Complete the invigilator record as necessary. The JCQ ICE regulations (appendix 1) contains a suggested wording for the invigilator’s announcement at the beginning of an exam. You may wish to instruct your invigilators to use it, or adapt it for use in your centre. Section 8.3 explains the duties of members of centre staff approved by the head of centre to be present at the start of the examination. JCQ ICE regulations (section 2.1) state the starting time of morning and afternoon examinations for all general qualifications. It points out that other timings apply to vocational and key skills exams. JCQ ICE regulations (section 1) advise that question papers should be opened in front of exam candidates where possible, and explains the situations in which it is permissible to open exam papers in advance.

27 During the exam Invigilators must give their full attention to invigilating the exam. A quiet, active observation creates a reassuring presence. Invigilators must not talk amongst themselves except to convey important information. Respond as quickly as possible when a candidate raises their hand for help. Only answer questions about the rubric on the front of the exam paper Offer no advice to the candidate – check with the exams officer if you are unsure. Look out for cheating and malpractice, or candidates who may not feel well. Record every event in a log.

28 During the exam Unexpected situations can arise at any time.
Remain calm and summon help if necessary. If you have to leave the room, make sure the number of invigilators does not drop below the required ratio. written exam = one invigilator for every 30 candidates practical exam or on-screen test = one invigilator for every 15 candidates. Ensure you have an alternative means of communication. It is impossible to predict all the possible problems during an examination. Unexpected situations may include: toilet visit disruptive behaviour fire bell mobile phone ringing illness distressed candidate. JCQ ICE regulations (section 6.3) explain the requirement for a means of communication for invigilators to ensure that they may summon help easily.

29 Late arrivals Official published starting times. [INSERT CENTRE START TIMES] All candidates who arrive late may be allowed the full allocated time to complete their exam, however, they must be warned that their work may not be accepted by the awarding body. Late arrivals are within one hour of the published start time. Very late arrivals are more than one hour after the published start time. Remember to prompt late arrivals to switch off and hand in their mobile phones Candidates can leave the exam room one hour after the published start time. [CHECK CENTRE POLICY] Refer to JCQ ICE regulations (section 12.5)

30 If problems arise Know how to summon help.
Always write down what has happened, record the candidate’s name and the time. Maintain the required number of invigilators at all times. Know the centre’s emergency procedures. Minimise the effect of any disruptions on other candidates, allow extra time for all candidates if the disruption is significant If you are unsure of what to do, consult the JCQ ICE regulations or the exams officer.

31 Ending an exam Give a five-minute warning before the end of the exam.
Be clear about which exam is ending. Instruct candidates to stop writing when the time is up. Advise candidates to name and attach loose sheets of paper with a treasury tag. Be aware that some candidates may have extra time. Remind candidates that they remain under exam conditions until scripts have been collected and they have left the room. Ensure that candidate details have been completed on the scripts. Collect any equipment lent out. Section 21 in the JCQ ICE regulations state that the invigilator must collect all unused stationery in the exam room, check it for any loose sheets which candidates may have missed and return it to the exams officer. The JCQ ICE regulations (sections 17.1 and 17.2) contain details of required invigilator duties at the end of both written and on screen exams.

32 Collecting scripts Candidates cannot leave the exam room until scripts have been collected – no exam papers are to leave the exam room. Collect scripts in order of the attendance register keeping tiers and options separate as necessary. Collect any unused stationary. Do not leave the scripts unattended at any time. Do not read or allow anyone else to read candidates’ scripts. Dismiss candidates row by row, in silence. Keep ‘clash’ candidates with you and under supervision. Hand over the scripts to the nominated person for dispatch. The JCQ ICE regulations (section 18) explain that all scripts must be collected before any candidates are allowed to leave the exam room. They go on to state that: checks must be made to ensure that there is a script for every candidate marked as present on the attendance register, scripts must be put in attendance register order, candidates have used their correct centre and candidate numbers, the scripts must be given to the person responsible for despatching them to examiners/awarding bodies and any remaining question papers remain confidential and must be passed to the exams officer. This slide relates exclusively to written exams and you will want to make invigilators aware of additional procedures, such as those relating to on screen tests an those candidates that use word processors and transcripts. For example, for online tests follow awarding body guidance to ensure the test is closed down properly and papers are printed and verified correctly.

33 Summary Always: remain calm consider the security of the exam
think of the implications for the candidates keep a written record – who/what/when maintain the required invigilator: candidate ratio at all times. Never assume! If in doubt, always consult the exams officer.

34 Experienced invigilators
The following slide suggests discussion points to be included in presentations for experienced invigilators.

35 Discussion points Centre-specific changes Regulation changes
Lessons learned Mentoring new invigilators Additional roles for invigilators Suggested discussion points Centre-specific changes may include information such as changes to exam room procedures, changes to means of communication, organisation of invigilation, script checking and dispatch methods and/or changes in administration such as new methods of payment or submitting timesheets. Regulation changes – any changes, amendments and revisions to JCQ ICE regulations or awarding body regulations should be brought to the attention of invigilators. Lessons learned – give examples of scenarios encountered during the last exam series and what actions where taken. Discuss where any improvements can be made. Preparation for this part of your presentation may include using the QCDA Exam review generator tool which can be found at: Mentoring new invigilators - good practice is to promote team building by arranging for experienced invigilators to mentor new invigilators. Invigilators have valuable experience which can be shared with new members of the team. Suggest what arrangements are in place to help to train our new invigilators and welcome them to the team. Additional roles for invigilators To aid in the retention of invigilators, and to add interest to or develop the role it might be helpful to raise awareness of additional roles for invigilators. Additional roles for invigilators are listed in the JCQ ICE regulations, for candidates with access arrangements. These may include invigilating candidates with oral language modifiers, practical assistants, those who read aloud or are accommodated separately because they use a reader/computer reader/live speaker; scribe or voice input system, sign interpreter, word processor. Where a candidate requires a prompter, the invigilator may act as a prompter. (Refer JCQ ICE regulations section 6.4.)


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