1. North Carolina: Land of Contrasts Chapter 4 A Royal Colony Struggles Study Presentation
©2007 Clairmont Press

2. Chapter 4: A Royal Colony Struggles
Section 1: Continuing Political Troubles
Section 2: Peopling the Backcountry
Section 3: Life on the Carolina Frontier
Section 4: William Tryon and the Regulation

3. Section 1: Continuing Political Troubles
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What problems faced the first royal governors?

4. Section 1: Continuing Political Troubles
What words do I need to know?
boycott
Granville District
frontier
French and Indian War
ranger

5. Section 1: Continuing Political Troubles
Introduction
1729: King of England bought North Carolina
1734: Gabriel Johnston sent to govern
Armand de Rosset: sent to help establish Wilmington
Goods cost 50% more to ship from N.C.
Top 10% of families of N.C. not as wealthy as Virginia
N.C. poor seemed poorer than those of Virginia

6. Sectional Conflicts
Settlement of Cape Fear resented by Albemarle over wealth and power
Naval stores given to Cape Fear
1746 to 1754: the Albemarle boycotted the General Assembly
1744: the king granted the northern half of the colony to Lord Granville (The Granville District) resulted in anger across N.C.

7. A New Royal Governor 1754: Arthur Dobbs replaced Johnston as governor
Only ½ of revenue collections put into the treasury
Public expenses higher than ever due to so many new settlers
Settlers felt threatened by the Cherokees

8. The French and Indian War:
The French and Indian War
1754 – 1763: The French and Indian War worsened matters in N.C.
War fought over control of North America
Territory west of the Appalachians controlled by the French
Cherokees sided with the French
“Albany Plan of Union” proposed by Benjamin Franklin but not popular because it would have weakened the colonial governments

9. The French and Indian War – cont.:
The French and Indian War – cont.
Governor Dobbs: convinced Cape Fear and Albemarle to do a better job collecting taxes
Captain Hugh Waddell: his ranger patrols forerunners of N.C. highway patrol
1763: Treaty of Paris resulted in French loss of land in America
1765: the controversial Dobbs died – his policies angered many colonists and put the colony in debt
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10. Section 2: Peopling the Backcountry
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What groups of immigrants settled North Carolina?

11. Section 2: Peopling the Backcountry
What word do I need to know?
backcountry

12. Section 2: Peopling the Backcountry
Introduction
Until 1730: almost every resident of N.C., aside from the Native Americans, lived east of the fall line
1734: Edgecombe County formed
By the 1750’s: backcountry towns formed such as Cross Creek (later named Fayetteville)
Most newcomers from northern colonies
The Great Wagon Road: popular 731-mile route

13. The Scots-Irish Scots-Irish: 1st people to settle the backcountry
A few settled in what became know as Orange County
Most settled between Yadkin and Catawba Rivers (today the area bounded by the cities of Salisbury, Statesville, and Charlotte)

14. The Germans Soon to follow: the Germans from Pennsylvania
Deutsch: name for the German language sounded like “Dutch” & resulted in people thinking they were from Holland
Many settled in western edge of N.C. (eastern Rowan & Cabarrus counties)

15. English Quakers
Mixed into the backcountry by the 1760’s & English in their background
Belonged to a religious movement started in England in the 1600’s
Beliefs challenged the usual ways people worshiped and lived together
Some Quakers settled among the Germans

16. African Slaves A few early Scots-Irish brought along one or two slaves
1747: Paul & Saul crossed the Catawba River and became the 1st slaves in the backcountry
Only a few Germans owned slaves
Quakers: earliest to question the idea of humans as property

17. The Moravians
1752: The most unusual group to come to North Carolina (German-speaking)
Originally from Moravia
Official name, the United Brethren, practiced brotherhood and sisterhood every day, all day
Land grant of 100,000 acres by Lord Granville
1753: came to Wachovia (means “little meadow” in German)
1766: established their principal town (Winston-Salem)

18. The Highland Scots Scots were the last of the many ethnic groups
Wedged themselves into the Sandhills
1770’s: British real estate agents tricked thousands into coming to North Carolina
Came on promise of fine land
Most stayed as it was a better option than going back home

19. Native Americans
1760’s: a few remnants of Indian groups still to be found in the backcountry
North of Wachovia: the Saura, part of Siouan people who had once controlled the region
Near the South Carolina line: the Catawba, the largest native group left in the backcountry
1750’s: only 100 warriors remained (less than one-tenth of their previous strength)
Most numerous: Cherokee – resented any intrusion into their mountain hunting grounds
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20. Section 3: Life on the Carolina Frontier
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What was life like for early immigrants to North Carolina?

21. Section 3: Life on the Carolina Frontier
What words do I need to know?
prairie
girdling
drover
grist mill
toll

22. Section 3: Life on the Carolina Frontier
Introduction
North Carolina had a bad reputation
Could not govern itself well
Costly to live there since shipping was so expensive

23. Carving Out Homes
Earliest settlers to N.C. found exactly what they wanted
Great Wagon Road: long stretches of prairie with open grasslands and woods in the bottomlands attracted settlers
Ample tree supply used for houses and fences
Open spaces provided for grazing cattle and growing grain

24. Carving Out Homes – cont.
The Germans planted wheat and rye in the fall
Herman Husband: early Quaker settler known for his fine 600-acre wheat farm
Grist mill ownership one of the 1st ways to become wealthy
The smart miller sold his collected flour locally or shipped it to the coast

25. The Home Front Most settlers quickly worked to improve their places
They set up zigzag split rail fences to keep out hogs from their grain fields
Most backcountry families lived in log houses
Some built more elaborate homes
All families kept kitchen gardens

26. Building Communities All settlers brought their culture with them
Almost all valued religious expression and soon taught their values
Scots-Irish built both a church and a school everywhere they settled
Germans often built union churches: people of two principal denominations could worship

27. Building Communities – cont.
By 1765: more than a dozen new churches had been established
Wachovia: most active religious community (the Moravians)
The Moravians made Wachovia one of the most prosperous places in the backcountry
Many neighbors resented their prosperity and religion creating problems for a long time in North Carolina
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28. Section 4: William Tryon and the Regulation
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What were the reasons for the Regulator movement?

29. Section 4: William Tryon and the Regulation
What words do I need to know?
capital
appropriate
Regulator
extortion
militia

30. Section 4: William Tryon and the Regulation
Introduction
1765: William Tryon appointed the new royal governor upon the death of Arthur Dobbs
Tryon brought better organization and created more respect for authority toward government officials in charge of the colony
Also wanted N.C. to finally pay its own way

31. Tryon’s Reforms Tryon moved the colony toward his goals:
General Assembly to have a permanent capital (seat of government)
General Assembly to reorganize the Church of England in N.C.
Stimulate growth in the economy
Gain more control over the colony

32. The Regulator Movement
Tryon’s measures improved N.C.
Each measure cost the average N.C. taxpayer
Coastal residents saw a return / backcountry folk were not so sure
Tryon did not have full support of the backcountry people who believed that government continued to be corrupt

33. Tensions Mount
1768: Matters worsened – citizens marched on Hillsborough
Well-known citizen Herman Husband arrested for disorder (released after people of all walks of life marched on Hillsborough)
A few prominent citizens walked all the way to New Bern – Tryon did little
Tryon had Johnston Riot Act passed by Assembly to enforce strict punishment for all public acts of disorder

34. The Battle of Alamance
Governor Tryon ordered militia to march on Hillsborough “against the insurgents”
May 16, 1771: The Battle of Alamance (lasted a couple of hours) ended up when the Regulators fled through the woods
Tryon took several measures to show he meant business: executed one Regulator before the battle and hung another the day after
Josiah Martin: royal governor after Tryon; did little to improve N.C. in two years prior to the American Revolution
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