1. Subsurface Structural Trap

2. talk about how we find oil simulation to plan the drilling of a well Today’s Activity

3. but before we start …..

4. people who –enjoy math, science, and computers –interested in the earth, resource development –enjoy personal interactions with clients and vendors also… –enjoy travel (energy business is international) –like to work outdoors (wilderness areas, well site, oil field, environmental clean-up site) Who Works in Petroleum Engineering?

5. Petroleum Geology

6. reservoir rock trap source rock seal migration of oil Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

7. Oil is stored pores between the grains in sandstones and other "reservoir" rocks

8. Rivers Transport Sand and Mud

9. Core showing channel sands

10. Making a Structural Trap Cedar Mesa Sandstone, SE Utah Originally Horizontal Beds ….

11. …sometimes get folded topography accentuates strike and dip

12. Folds and Faults make TRAPS - faults represent brittle rock deformation

13. Subsurface Geology (how do we see underground?) core seismic logs

15. source rock migration of oil reservoir rock trap Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

16. How do we see below the surface?

17. Seismic

18. A B A B Casper Arch Thrust, Central Wyoming

19. Seismic Acquisition and Processing Subsalt Imaging 4-D Reservoir Monitoring 4-D Seismic and Reservoir Modeling 4-D Seismic Difference Update- 1995 Base-1983

20. A B A B Casper Arch Thrust, Central Wyoming

21. Fundamentals of Petroleum Accumulation Source Rock Reservoir Rock Migration Trap

22. Putting it all together …..

23. Original Horizontal Layers

24. Mountain Building - Compression

27. Build a structural trap

28. Deformed Reservoir Source

29. Migration of Oil

30. driven by buoyancy

37. Trapped Oil

38. Will folding in one direction be an effective trap?

39. Plate Tectonics Deforms/Folds Rocks

40. Really need folding in two directions…

41. And that dome needs to be buried & covered with a seal!

42. Available Data Interpreted Seismic Lines –needed to determine if you have a trap Well-log Lithology –needed for determining whether you have a reservoir rock (sandstone) and a seal –determine potential source rock (shale) Geochemical Analysis –determine if a potential source rock has generated oil

43. Instructions divide into teams of 3 or 4 explorationists your budget is $330,000 purchase data analyze data to choose a spot to drill

44. Prices Seismic Lines –Line A - $100,000 –Line B - $75,000 –Line C - $75,000 Well-log Lithology –Well 1 - $25,000 –Well 2 - $35,000 Geochemical Analysis –Well 1 - $5,000 –Well 2 - $5,000

45. Seismic Line A Shale Sandstone Limestone

46. Seismic Line B

47. Seismic Line C

48. Combining Seismic Lines for 3d

49. Seismic Line A - Solution

50. Seismic Line B

51. Seismic Line C – No Trap!