1. Eagle Ford Shale Stimulation Demands:
Good Engineering, Optimized Fluid Selection and Execution
Jorge Manrique, PE – Nabors Completion & Production Services Co.
Buenos Aires, 9 de Agosto de 2012

2. Who we are…
5th Largest Pressure Pumping Co. in North America (~1 M HHP)
Experienced in All Major US Basins (29 Districts)
Over 13,600 DUG Stages Completed in 2011
HRHP Equipment and Experienced Personnel (15K PSI)
World Oil, Eng. Innovation Awards & Patented Green Chemicals
Pioneers in Water Re-use
Friction Loop Analysis
Own RC Proppant Technology Available
In-House Engineering / Design Optimization

3. What we do… Pressure Pumping Cementing Fracturing Wire Line
Coiled Tubing (16)
Work Over Well Servicing (750)
Fluid Management, Storage & Disposal
Transportation & Logistics

4. Major US Unconventional Basins
250 Rigs Un-conventional
NCPS Districts

5. Comparison of Shale Thickness
VACA MUERTA
HORN RIVER
BARNETT
HAYNESVILLE
MARCELLUS
EAGLE FORD
2352 FT FT FT FT FT FT
Vaca Muerta is ~7 times Thicker than Eagle Ford Play

6. EAGLE FORD SHALE BASIN
OIL
DRY GAS

7. Understanding the Shale Reservoir
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
Total Organic Content (TOC)
Pressure/Volume/Temperature (PVT)
Embedment
Geo-Mechanical
If <YM = Soft
If >YM = Brittle
Desorption Analysis

8. The Importance of Understanding the Reservoir
Total Improved Production and EUR depend on:
Complex Fracture Geometry
Optimal Perforation Techniques
Stress Contrasts
Fluid Leak-Off
Natural Fractures
Layering
Brittleness
Young Modulus

9. Laboratory Services & Testing

10. Samples Examined Sample Depth (ft) Lithology Classification
No (modified Dunham, 1962)
Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Argillaceous Limestone Foraminiferal Packstone
Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Argillaceous Limestone Foraminiferal Packstone
Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Mudrock N/A
Claystone / Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Mudrock / Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Mudrock / Calcareous Mudrock N/A
Courtesy of Southern Bay Energy

11. Frac Fluid Design Based on:
Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP)
PMAC Scale Modeling System
Microbiological Analysis
Standard Titrations
Field Tests
Post Job Analysis of Produced Water

12. Perforating and Fracture Initiation
5 Clusters
Reduced Spacing to 1 Ft
4 SPF (all deep penetrating)
Run RA Tracers (Ir, Sc, Sb)
Drilled-Out Frac Plugs & Log the Interval

13. 20 Holes – Limited Entry

14. 25# Crosslinked Hybrid – Eagle Ford

15. Conclusions
Formation Evaluation & Core Data correlation will enhance best frac design.
Each shale formation is unique in geo-chemistry, petrology, brittleness, ductility, complexity, mineralogy. All must be understood to select the right fluid rheology.
There is no a single approach to complete all shale formations.
Mineral deposits and geochemical precipitates including scale, can be prevented by using the right blend of chemicals.
Limited-entry and deep-penetrating shots have proven effective at reducing fracture initiation pressures, lower breakdown pressures and “smoother” treatment.
Maximizing the Stimulated Rock Volume (SRV) can be obtained through limited- entry perforating designs.
Smaller diameter holes create additional friction pressure aiding in fracture diversion.
Frac treatment must be designed depending if the well will produce oil or gas.

16. For more Information Contact:
Thank You !!!
For more Information Contact: