1. Sub-Systems Design Review P14416 Concrete Arborloo Base October 29, 2013

2. Team Intro MemberRole Victoria Snell (ISE)Project Manager Evan Burley (ME)Engineer Joe Omilanowicz (ME)Engineer Mac Keehfus (ME)Engineer Anthony Deleo (ISE)Engineer

3. Agenda Background Functional Decomposition/Architecture Updated Customer Requirements Subsystems –Geometry –Composition Compression Test Results –Features Cost/Trade-off Analysis Engineering Requirements Project Management Updates

4. A latrine-like sanitation device designed to function over a small pit and to be moved to a new pit when filled Utilize compost by planting tree in used pit Purpose to provide affordable sanitation in poor, underdeveloped areas –Originally designed for use in Zimbabwe (Peter Morgan) Arborloo

5. Functional Decomposition

6. Functional Architecture

7. Meeting with Francius Estimable (Johnny) Weight Price: ~25 USD = 1100 HTG Type of Cement is still unknown Prefers a DIY kit to educate locals Design should be simple

8. Updated Customer Requirements 2) Weight 25 dollars Make it available to all Haitians coming from different economic states 25 dollars Make it available to all Haitians coming from different economic states Make it transportable through all environments Can be moved by 1-2 people comfortably Make it transportable through all environments Can be moved by 1-2 people comfortably Easy to make Simple mold Limited materials/ ingredients Easy to make Simple mold Limited materials/ ingredients 1) Cost 2) Simpler the better

9. Meeting with Manitou Self consolidating Concrete –Self Leveling –Higher Slump –No Vibration –Chemical Needed (Water Reducer) More Efficient Mix Ratio –More Aggregate –Less Cement Specific Gravities Finishing Tools Use of Fibers

10. Geometry Shape Thickness Feasibility of Molds

11. Theoretical Analysis Maximum allowable flexural and compressive strength for each mold design: Assume square slab To make up for the lack of stress concentrations due to the hole: Factor of Safety of 3 Θ

12. Theoretical Graph

13. Feasibility of Molds Wood –Plastic sheets (release agent) –Reusable –Not as precise Metal Plastic Plastic injection methods Foam –Expensive (concrete canoe~$800) –Very accurate –Trying to figure out the release agent

14. Composition Aggregates Bind properly Provide strength Reduce cost Cement Replacements

15. Mixtures 6 different mixtures (each contained cement, course aggregates, fine aggregates, and water) Cement (ternary mix) –Portland, slag, fly ash (improves strength, workability, and requires less water) Aggregates (all mixtures contained sand) –Course Coconut shells Rubber Limestone –Fine Sand Plastic Beads Styrofoam

16. Why? Slag and fly ash improve strength of concrete when combined with Portland Aggregates can be found in Haiti Coconut shells –considered trash/ in abundance Rubber –Need to figure out a way to grind up tires Limestone/Sand –In abundance in Haiti Plastic Beads/Styrofoam –Could grind up plastic water bottles

17. Cylinder Testing Procedure Slump test: General idea on mold capability as well as the proper amount of water After 7 days/28 days of curing –ASTM C39: radius= 4” height= 8” Cylinder is loaded axially. Determines maximum compressive strength (psi)

18. Units (lbs)Mix 1Mix 2Mix 3Mix 4Mix 5Mix 6Mix 7Mix 8Mix 9 Cement12.49 2.354.832.96 Slag5.85 0.83X1.05 Flyash4.82 0.65X0.82 Sand1.50 6.958.87 Rubber1.20XX XX2.21XX Styrofoam0.01 XX X0.04XX PlasticXX0.68 X XXX CoconutX1.20 XXXX4.14 LimestoneXXXX1.77 XXX Water7.75 8.267.588.261.722.18 GleniumXXXXXX10mL8mL Weight/cyl6.456.776.706.736.887.084.53*7.16*7.32* *weight measured before curing Test Mixtures (lbs.)

19. Cylinder Plan 70% Strength at 7 days 28 day Accepted Standard Fibers add mild Compression Strength Limestone/Rubber/ Coconut/Shells/Sand/ Stryofoam/Plastic

20. Results from 7 Day Cylinders Area of Test cylinder=12.56637 A= π*r 2 σ=F[lbf]/A[in 2 ]

21. Mix performance

22. Improvements Moving Forward Add more aggregates –Used too much cement in first round of testing –Will reduce weight Make more viscous (less water) –Styrofoam floated to the top of cylinders –Use Glenium Use of finer aggregates –Sand is more dense than concrete –Higher strength with less voids

23. Features Modular upgrades for additional cost Prepare basic design to allow for add-ins Handles Textures Shelter connection points

24. Transportability Handles Wheels Rope Attachments Terrain is too rough for wheels Anchor bolts require $ and drill Mold holes in sides for handles/hooks –Can this be done? Multi-functional attributes  simplicity $5.98 $2.80 $0.48 All require holes and screws $4.12

25. Shelter Interface Holes? –Consistent with transportability features –Pole connection Grooves? –Sheet metal connection Small size? Also reduces material and weight Depends on ground hole

26. Odor/Pest Reduction Cheap, simple cover What can be reused? Simple hinge? Additional holes for toilet seat cover? Recommendation for household materials to use –Five gallon bucket

27. How to make it visually appealing and simple at the same time:

28. Material Costs *Reflects Cost in Haiti

29. Fly Ash/Slag? Need to evaluate cost/strength trade-off –Fly ash and slag are not produced in Haiti –Shipping costs are unknown –Currently testing mixes with and without flyash and slag

30. Cost Breakdown

31. Summary of Results

32. Engineering Requirements –Purchase Cost Plastic expensive Ranges from $12-$40 Target <$25 –Load it can support Compression Results Only 70% strength Ranges from 1500 psi to 4600 psi Target >2500 psi –Ground Hole size  Over design –Weight Average weight per/cylinder = 6.832 lbs. Per/arborloo= 190.36 lbs.

33. Project Schedule: Past/Current

34. Project Schedule: Future

35. Budget Tracker ItemStorePrice 94 lb Portland CementHome Depot$10.47 40" PVC FencingHome Depot$9.97 48"x.25" Round Steel RodHome Depot$9.26 Bird NettingHome Depot$14.47.8 cu ft Rubber MulchHome Depot$5.97 Plastic SheetingHome Depot$10.98 Hardware ClothHome Depot$9.22 Chicken WireHome Depot$7.97 Bean Bag FillerBed Bath and Beyond $14.99 Cement MixerLowes $8.54 Platic BeadsJo-Ann Fabrics $14.99 2 gallon BagsTarget $8.18 StyrofoamMichael's $8.99 4”x8” Test CylindersForney LP $57.06 Total: $191.06

36. Updated Risk Assessment

37. Moving Forward Refining concrete mixtures –Aggregates for low cost compressive strength Flexural testing –Mold for test block –Finalize reinforcements Cost estimates –Availability in Haiti –Shipping costs Finalizing features –Continue to assess feasibility Divide team between mold and mixtures