1. Chemical Pollution, Ecosystem Health and Food Security Laurie Hing Man Chan, Ph.D. Professor and Canada Research Chair in Toxicology and Environmental Health University of Ottawa

2. Figure 7: Effect of intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA/AM on MeHg- induced cell death NSC34 Neuronal neuron spinal chord × hybrid Cell Line

3. Community–based Research Is our food and water safe?

4. First Nations: 700,000 n

5. Inuit: 50,000 n

6. First Nations Holistic Health Determinants Model AFN, 2005

7. biosphere global ecosystem regional ecosystem local ecosytem community home + workplace Health & well-being chemical pollution biophysical elements economic factors culture biological factors socio-political situation Ecosystem Health

11. High illness rate near oilsands worrisome, says Alberta health official Last Updated Fri, 10 Mar 2006 13:00:46 EST CBC NewsCBC News Leukemia, lymphomas, lupus, and autoimmune diseases, have been diagnosed in Fort Chipewyan, a community of about 1,200 people living 300 kilometres north of Fort McMurray.

12. National Pollutant Release Inventory Distribution

13. Distribution of Aboriginal Communities across Canada

14. Aboriginal Communities and NPRI Facilities

15. Releases of Pollutants Across and Number of Aboriginal Communities that are within 50 km PollutantFacilitiesSum Release UnitsCommunitiesPopulation Cadmium151160800kg14583200 Lead3111670700kg17691500 Arsenic127203700kg15078100 Mercury1724500kg13580100 Dioxins and Furans19070g21299400 Ammonia25133900tonnes195105900 Carbon Monoxide503544000tonnes291145700 Sulphur Dioxide3441043700tonnes226121300 Particulate Matter (PM)565107800tonnes291144900 PM2.587736600tonnes336182900 PM1097862000tonnes348177600 Volatile Organic Carbon719158900tonnes290147600

17. 17 Birth Outcomes for communities within the Interior Health region by watershed

19. Long Range Transport of Global Pollutants AMAP 2005

20. Tracking Pollution from China to N. America NASA 2008

21. Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Compounds PBT pollutants are chemicals that are toxic persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains and, thus, pose risks to human health and ecosystems

22. Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Compounds alkyl-lead mercury and its compoundsmercury and its compounds PAH - benzo(a)pyrene dioxins and furans mirex Chlordane aldrin/dieldrin DDT, DDD, DDE PCBs hexachlorobenzene toxaphene PBDE PFOS http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pbt/cheminfo.htm

24. Eat traditional food? BENEFITSNutritionTaste Social + cultural values Health (fitness, etc.) Saves $ RISKSContaminants (health risks uncertain) (health risks uncertain)

25. Statistics Canada, 2005

26. ↓ number of plant species ↑ concern of environmental contaminants ↓ density of species ↓ harvesting ↑ sedentary life ↓ dietary diversity ↓ cultural moral ↓ culture specific food activities OBESITY, DIABETES, ALCOHOLISM, GALL BLADDER DISEASE, HEART DISEASE, ANEMIA, TOOTH LOSS, INFECTIONS, CANCER Loss of Traditional Food Systems

27. Inuit Health Survey Canadian Icebreaker: Amundsen

30. First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008- 2017) www.FNFNES.ca

31. First Nations First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study ~10 - 15 communities per year and returning back in the last 2 years Random sampling Resolution of the Special Assembly of AFN 100 communities from 2008-2018 Moving from the West to the East

32. 32 First Nations First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study Household Questionnaire Food Sampling for a Suite of Contaminants Water Sampling for -Trace Metals -Pharmaceuticals in Environment Hair sampling for Mercury

35. Stockholm Convention on POPs 2001

36. Rio Declaration, 1992 “ Human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature ” World Summit on Environment and Development