1. Community Finance for London challenges and change post-Financial Inclusion Growth Fund. NACUW Conference and AGM 2011 Back to Basics Thursday 20 th October 2011 Paul A Jones, Research Unit for Financial Inclusion

2. Community finance for London A RUFI research study 2010-11 Supported by DWP (Government) and funded by Santander Prompted by ending of Financial Inclusion Growth Fund To provide a platform for the development of credit solutions and community finance. Focus on scaling-up the credit union sector Launched in House of Commons in July 2011

3. Approach and method Collaborative and action-oriented inquiry Leading credit unions in the capital; the DWP, local government and social housing sector Demand side research –Quantitative consumer research data –Analysis and geo-spatial mapping of the Government index of multiple deprivation Supply side research –Interviews with 15 credit unions, partners and stakeholders, research workshops, financial analysis of annual returns

4. Demand for financial services Much of inner London is in the top decile of the index of multiple deprivation Almost 25% of housing stock is social housing, rising to half in some boroughs in East London. Average household income for Londoners on low incomes, is £11,240 p.a. lower than the national average of £12,175. Ethnic minorities represent 57% of the low-income population. 57% of low-income Londoners are credit users. 61% of Londoners have no savings Three quarters (74%) of Londoners on low incomes would find it difficult or impossible to raise £200 – £300 in an emergency without borrowing Many low income Londoners not able to access credit – 39% no credit in last 5 years, rising to 45% in BME households

5. Credit unions in London 35 credit unions in Greater London Serving 27 of London’s 33 boroughs Strong social and community focus Growing faster than in Britain generally 2005 – 2009 –Assets up 92% (national increase, 44%) –Loans up 70% (national increase, 36%) –Savings up 79% (national increase, 39%)

6. Modest penetration In 2009, 60,000 credit union members in London 1% of Greater London population Growing at 18% per annum Demand-side research revealed 0.75m individuals, (30% of low- income Londoners and 42% of social tenants), lacked access to credit

7. Financial Inclusion Growth Fund September 2006 and to March 2011, 11 credit union contractors in London have: –Granted over 44,000 loans to low-income borrowers, 78% of whom are women and over 80% social housing tenants –Made loans to total value of over £19 million –Opened over 25,000 current or savings accounts for Growth Fund borrowers –Maintained less than 10% DWP target delinquency rate16 on loans in 87% of the participating credit unions GF credit unions grown most significantly –80% increase in savings since 2005 – 2009 (non GF 43%)

8. Financial challenges Low income to average assets –50% negative net income High operating expenses –9 exceed 10% expense to average asset ratio –Endemic to serving segments of low income market Bad debt –GF credit unions 9%; non-GF 11.7% Dependency on external subsidy Loan to asset ratio – 57% GF and 56% others Need to maximise savings Need to price realistically

9. Organisational challenges Leadership, governance and management Consistency in products and services Serving wider target market Developing information technology Developing effective partnerships

10. Rationalisation and strain Focus on business efficiencies Expansion and merger –Current approach to increasing efficiency and driving down costs Current credit union model under strain –Organisational and financial strain –Impact of new legislation and regulation

11. Collaboration Current model – atomistic and competitive Need for radical new approach WOCCU – greater collaboration, greater market share Fischer (2002, 2005) Need for cohesive, networked and integrated system –To drive scale, efficiency and performance

12. A cultural shift A focus on commonality rather than uniqueness and a radical increase in operational excellence (Grace 2010) Focus on shared back and front office services Dependent on trust and commitment

13. Harnessing technology The electronic hub – or the back office Promoted by ABCUL Collaboration on back office functions Facilitate new products and services Enable link with the Post Office and other partners

14. Government support Coalition Government – success of the Growth Fund Modernisation Fund (73 million) Looking for step change in organisational capacity Current feasibility study

15. The future is collaborative Current business model broken Collaboration – a radical change Not easy - a major opportunity –Linked to new legislation and regulation Climate is right – increasing interest in the co-operative and mutual sector –Government, local government, social housing providers and general public